你可以使用 .tolist()
>>> a = np.array([[1,2],[10,20],[100,200]])
>>> [1,2] in a.tolist()
True
>>> [1,20] in a.tolist()
False
>>> [1,20] in a.tolist()
False
>>> [1,42] in a.tolist()
False
>>> [42,1] in a.tolist()
False
或者使用视图:
>>> any((a[:]==[1,2]).all(1))
True
>>> any((a[:]==[1,20]).all(1))
False
或者通过 numpy 列表生成(可能非常慢):
any(([1,2] == x).all() for x in a) # stops on first occurrence
或者使用numpy逻辑函数:
any(np.equal(a,[1,2]).all(1))
如果你计时:
import numpy as np
import time
n=300000
a=np.arange(n*3).reshape(n,3)
b=a.tolist()
t1,t2,t3=a[n//100][0],a[n//2][0],a[-10][0]
tests=[ ('early hit',[t1, t1+1, t1+2]),
('middle hit',[t2,t2+1,t2+2]),
('late hit', [t3,t3+1,t3+2]),
('miss',[0,2,0])]
fmt='\t{:20}{:.5f} seconds and is {}'
for test, tgt in tests:
print('\n{}: {} in {:,} elements:'.format(test,tgt,n))
name='view'
t1=time.time()
result=(a[...]==tgt).all(1).any()
t2=time.time()
print(fmt.format(name,t2-t1,result))
name='python list'
t1=time.time()
result = True if tgt in b else False
t2=time.time()
print(fmt.format(name,t2-t1,result))
name='gen over numpy'
t1=time.time()
result=any((tgt == x).all() for x in a)
t2=time.time()
print(fmt.format(name,t2-t1,result))
name='logic equal'
t1=time.time()
np.equal(a,tgt).all(1).any()
t2=time.time()
print(fmt.format(name,t2-t1,result))
可以看到hit or miss,numpy 例程搜索数组的速度是一样的。 Python in 运算符可能在早期命中时要快得多,如果你必须一直遍历数组,生成器只是个坏消息。
以下是 300,000 x 3 元素数组的结果:
early hit: [9000, 9001, 9002] in 300,000 elements:
view 0.01002 seconds and is True
python list 0.00305 seconds and is True
gen over numpy 0.06470 seconds and is True
logic equal 0.00909 seconds and is True
middle hit: [450000, 450001, 450002] in 300,000 elements:
view 0.00915 seconds and is True
python list 0.15458 seconds and is True
gen over numpy 3.24386 seconds and is True
logic equal 0.00937 seconds and is True
late hit: [899970, 899971, 899972] in 300,000 elements:
view 0.00936 seconds and is True
python list 0.30604 seconds and is True
gen over numpy 6.47660 seconds and is True
logic equal 0.00965 seconds and is True
miss: [0, 2, 0] in 300,000 elements:
view 0.00936 seconds and is False
python list 0.01287 seconds and is False
gen over numpy 6.49190 seconds and is False
logic equal 0.00965 seconds and is False
对于 3,000,000 x 3 数组:
early hit: [90000, 90001, 90002] in 3,000,000 elements:
view 0.10128 seconds and is True
python list 0.02982 seconds and is True
gen over numpy 0.66057 seconds and is True
logic equal 0.09128 seconds and is True
middle hit: [4500000, 4500001, 4500002] in 3,000,000 elements:
view 0.09331 seconds and is True
python list 1.48180 seconds and is True
gen over numpy 32.69874 seconds and is True
logic equal 0.09438 seconds and is True
late hit: [8999970, 8999971, 8999972] in 3,000,000 elements:
view 0.09868 seconds and is True
python list 3.01236 seconds and is True
gen over numpy 65.15087 seconds and is True
logic equal 0.09591 seconds and is True
miss: [0, 2, 0] in 3,000,000 elements:
view 0.09588 seconds and is False
python list 0.12904 seconds and is False
gen over numpy 64.46789 seconds and is False
logic equal 0.09671 seconds and is False
这似乎表明np.equal 是最快的纯 numpy 方法...