macOS 上的 python 安装错误。我该如何修复？

Question

我正在使用 macOS High Sierra。在过去的某个时候，我通过 brew 安装了 Python，但是由于某种原因（我不知道）pip 无法工作：

$ pip --version Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/opt/python2/libexec/bin/pip", line 6, in <module>
  from pkg_resources import load_entry_point
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 3195, in <module>
  @_call_aside
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 3179, in _call_aside
  f(*args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 3208, in _initialize_master_working_set
  working_set = WorkingSet._build_master()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 683, in _build_master
  return cls._build_from_requirements(__requires__)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 696, in _build_from_requirements
  dists = ws.resolve(reqs, Environment())
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 885, in resolve
  raise DistributionNotFound(req, requirers)
pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound: The 'pip==9.0.1' distribution was not found and is required by the application

因此我发出：

$ brew uninstall python@2
Uninstalling /usr/local/Cellar/python@2/2.7.14_1... (3,622 files, 50.6MB)

在这之后，我假设是 python 的默认安装

$ which python
/usr/bin/python

很遗憾，我无法通过键入 python 来运行 Python：

$ python --version
-bash: /usr/local/opt/python2/libexec/bin/python: No such file or directory

但是我可以通过直接引用它来运行那个 python 解释器：

$ /usr/bin/python --version
Python 2.7.10

python --version 不起作用，这让我很困扰，我想知道这是否是以前在此处安装了 brew 安装的 python 版本的结果。于是我决定用brew install python@2重新安装，成功了。

python的假设位置已经改变：

$ which python
/usr/local/bin/python

但是当我尝试使用它时仍然遇到同样的错误：

$ python --version
-bash: /usr/local/opt/python2/libexec/bin/python: No such file or directory

当然，使用 python 解释器的完整路径可以正常工作：

$ /usr/local/bin/python --version
Python 2.7.15

任何人都可以帮我诊断为什么即使 which python 声明 python 位于 /usr/local/bin/python，但简单地发出 python 会失败并显示 /usr/local/opt/python2/libexec/bin/python: No such file or directory？？ p>

编辑：响应者要求运行file 的输出，这是输出：

$ file /usr/bin/python
/usr/bin/python: Mach-O universal binary with 2 architectures: [i386:Mach-O executable i386] [x86_64:Mach-O 64-bit executable x86_64]
/usr/bin/python (for architecture i386):    Mach-O executable i386
/usr/bin/python (for architecture x86_64):  Mach-O 64-bit executable x86_64
$ file /usr/local/bin/python
/usr/local/bin/python: Mach-O 64-bit executable x86_64

编辑：响应者要求输出brew doctor。这是输出：

Warning: Putting non-prefixed coreutils in your path can cause gmp builds to fail.

Warning: Unbrewed header files were found in /usr/local/include.
If you didn't put them there on purpose they could cause problems when
building Homebrew formulae, and may need to be deleted.

Warning: Broken symlinks were found. Remove them with `brew prune`:
  /usr/local/bin/apm
  /usr/local/bin/atom

编辑：PATH 的输出，有趣的是 /usr/local/opt/python2/libexec/bin 在那里

$ echo $PATH
/usr/local/opt/coreutils/libexec/gnubin:/Applications/google-cloud-sdk/bin:/usr/local/opt/python2/libexec/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/share/dotnet:/Applications/Wireshark.app/Contents/MacOS
$ ls /usr/local/opt/python2/libexec/bin
ls: cannot access '/usr/local/opt/python2/libexec/bin': No such file or directory
$ ls /usr/local/opt/python2/libexec
pip  setuptools  wheel

Answer 1

解决方案可能只是从您的PATH 环境变量中删除/usr/local/opt/python2/libexec/bin。

为此，您必须编辑您的 ~/.bash_profile 并删除该目录的出现。