在 Python 中枚举当前正在运行的平台信息？答案

【问题标题】：Enumerate current running platform information in Python?在 Python 中枚举当前正在运行的平台信息？
【发布时间】：2022-01-22 08:47:29
【问题描述】：

我需要使用 Python 在不同平台上从 GitHub 下载 Go 程序的二进制文件

为了下载与当前平台匹配的二进制文件，我需要将当前平台信息翻译成与GOARCH and GOOS environment variables匹配的格式

在 NodeJS 中，我可以很简单地做到这一点：

function getArch() {
  switch (process.arch) {
    case 'x32': return '386'
    case 'x64': return 'amd64'
    case 'arm64': return 'arm64'
    case 'arm': return 'armv7'
  }

  throw new Error(`architecture "${process.arch}" is not supported`)
}

function getPlatform() {
  switch (process.platform) {
    case 'darwin': return 'darwin'
    case 'linux': return 'linux'
    case 'win32': return 'windows'
  }

  throw new Error(`platform "${process.platform}" is not supported`)
}

但是对于 Python 来说，这似乎很难做到，因为标准库 platform 没有很好的规范，并且没有列出不同平台和架构的所有可能返回值

例如，platform.architecture() 将返回AMD64 用于具有amd64 CPU 的Windows 系统，但x86_64 用于具有相同CPU 的Linux 系统，这使得很难有一种优雅的方式来匹配每个我需要的平台

【问题讨论】：

标签： python python-3.x cross-platform

【解决方案1】：

查阅了platform的源码，写了如下代码，解决了我的情况

import platform

_ARCHITECTURE_DICT = {
    # For Windows, it uses PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE environment variable. Reference:
    # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/winprog64/wow64-implementation-details#environment-variables
    # https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Lib/platform.py#L717-L727
    "Windows": {
        "AMD64": "amd64",
        "X86": "386",
        "ARM64": "arm64",
    },
    # For Unix-like system, it follows os.uname result. Reference:
    # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uname
    "Linux": {
        "x86_64": "amd64",
        "i686": "386",
        "i386": "386",
        "aarch64": "arm64",
        "armv7l": "armv7",
    },
    "Darwin": {
        "x86_64": "amd64",
        "arm64": "arm64",
    },
}

_SYSTEM_DICT = {
    "Windows": "windows",
    "Linux": "linux",
    "Darwin": "darwin",
}


def _get_platform():
    uname = platform.uname()
    try:
        system = _SYSTEM_DICT[uname.system]
        architecture = _ARCHITECTURE_DICT[uname.system][uname.machine]
    except KeyError:
        raise RuntimeError(
            f"Unsupported platform: {uname.system} {uname.machine}"
        ) from None
    return system, architecture


GOOS, GOARCH = _get_platform()

更新：我发现一个第三方库py-cpuinfo可以优雅地获取CPU架构信息，这里是一个例子：

import platform

from cpuinfo import get_cpu_info

_SYSTEM_MAP = {
    "Windows": "windows",
    "Linux": "linux",
    "Darwin": "darwin",
}

_ARCHITECTURE_MAP = {
    "X86_32": "386",
    "X86_64": "amd64",
    "ARM_7": "armv7",
    "ARM_8": "arm64",
}


def _get_platform():
    try:
        system = _SYSTEM_MAP[platform.system()]
        architecture = _ARCHITECTURE_MAP[get_cpu_info()["arch"]]
    except KeyError:
        raise RuntimeError(f"Unsupported platform: {platform.uname()!r}") from None
    return system, architecture


GOOS, GOARCH = _get_platform()

【讨论】：