glTexSubImage2D 性能异常

Question

我很好奇通过我的配置使用 OpenGL 来查看纹理上传的性能，并注意到一些我认为很奇怪的东西。我使用glTexStorage2D 创建了一个4K 纹理，格式为GL_RGBA8。然后，我使用glTexSubImage2D 将静态图像缓冲区重新上传到纹理的每一帧。根据帧速率，我得到大约 5.19GB/s。接下来，我把贴图的格式改成GL_SRGB8_ALPHA8，重试实验。这次我得到 2.81GB/s，显着下降。这似乎很奇怪，因为据我所知，上传 sRGB 数据和上传 RGB 数据应该没有什么不同，因为不应该进行任何转换（sRGB 转换应该在着色器中进行，在采样期间）。

一些附加信息。对于第一个测试，我在对glTexSubImage2D 的调用中使用GL_RGBA 和GL_UNSIGNED_INT_8_8_8_8_REV，因为这是驱动程序（通过glGetInternalformativ）告诉我的理想情况。对于第二个测试，我使用GL_UNSIGNED_INT_8_8_8_8，根据司机的建议。一些测试证实这些是分别使用最快的格式。这是在使用 332.21 驱动程序的 Windows 7 x64 上使用 Nvidia GeForce GTX 760。

#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <vector>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstdio>

#define SCREEN_SIZE_X 1024
#define SCREEN_SIZE_Y 1024

#define GLSL(src) "#version 440 core\n" #src

const char* vertex_shader = GLSL(
    const vec2 data[4] = vec2[]
    (
        vec2(-1.0,  1.0),
        vec2(-1.0, -1.0),
        vec2( 1.0,  1.0),
        vec2( 1.0, -1.0)
    );

    void main()
    {
        gl_Position = vec4(data[gl_VertexID], 0.0, 1.0);
    }
);

const char* fragment_shader = GLSL(
    layout(location = 0) uniform sampler2D texture0;
    layout(location = 1) uniform vec2 screenSize;
    out vec4 frag_color;

    void main()
    {
        frag_color = texture(texture0, gl_FragCoord.xy / screenSize);
    }
);

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    if(!glfwInit())
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);

    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, GL_FALSE);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 4);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 4);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE);

    GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(SCREEN_SIZE_X, SCREEN_SIZE_Y, "OpenGL Texture Upload", nullptr, nullptr);

    if(!window)
    {
        glfwTerminate();
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
    glfwSwapInterval(0);

    glewExperimental = GL_TRUE;

    if(glewInit() != GLEW_OK)
    {
        glfwTerminate();
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    GLuint vao = 0;
    glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao);
    glBindVertexArray(vao);

    GLuint vs = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(vs, 1, &vertex_shader, nullptr);
    glCompileShader(vs);

    GLuint fs = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(fs, 1, &fragment_shader, nullptr);
    glCompileShader(fs);

    GLuint shader_program = glCreateProgram();
    glAttachShader(shader_program, fs);
    glAttachShader(shader_program, vs);
    glLinkProgram(shader_program);
    glUseProgram(shader_program);

    glProgramUniform2f(shader_program, 1, SCREEN_SIZE_X, SCREEN_SIZE_Y);

    GLuint texture = 0;
    glGenTextures(1, &texture);
#ifdef USE_SRGB
    glTextureStorage2DEXT(texture, GL_TEXTURE_2D, 1, GL_SRGB8_ALPHA8, 4096, 4096);
#else
    glTextureStorage2DEXT(texture, GL_TEXTURE_2D, 1, GL_RGBA8, 4096, 4096);
#endif
    glTextureParameteriEXT(texture, GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
    glTextureParameteriEXT(texture, GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
    glTextureParameteriEXT(texture, GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
    glTextureParameteriEXT(texture, GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
    glBindMultiTextureEXT(GL_TEXTURE0, GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
    glProgramUniform1i(shader_program, 0, 0);

    std::vector<unsigned int> image_buffer(4096*4096, 0xFF0000FFul);

    double lastTime = glfwGetTime();
    double nbFrames = 0;

    while(!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
    {
        double currentTime = glfwGetTime();
        nbFrames++;
        if (currentTime - lastTime >= 1.0)
        {
            char cbuffer[50];
            snprintf(cbuffer, sizeof(cbuffer), "OpenGL Texture Upload [%.1f fps, %.3f ms]", nbFrames, 1000.0 / nbFrames);
            glfwSetWindowTitle(window, cbuffer);
            nbFrames = 0;
            lastTime++;
        }
#ifdef USE_SRGB
        glTextureSubImage2DEXT(texture, GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0, 0, 4096, 4096, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_INT_8_8_8_8, image_buffer.data());
#else
        glTextureSubImage2DEXT(texture, GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0, 0, 4096, 4096, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_INT_8_8_8_8_REV, image_buffer.data());
#endif
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);
        glfwSwapBuffers(window);
        glfwPollEvents();
    }

    glfwDestroyWindow(window);
    glfwTerminate();
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

Answer 1

显然有“原生像素格式”之类的东西。看this link from Nvidia，尤其是第32.1.3节。