将 Python 类对象编译成列表

Question

我正在尝试学习如何将一个类的所有成员自动编译成一个列表。这段代码不是真实项目的一部分，只是帮助我解释我的目标的一个例子。我似乎找不到任何关于此的阅读材料，我什至不知道这是否可能。提前感谢您的回答！ =)

class question:
    def __init__(self,question,answer,list_of_answers):
        self.question=question
        self.answer=answer
        self.list_of_answers=list_of_answers

question_01=question('''
Which of these fruits is red?
A). Banana
B). Orange
C). Apple
D). Peach
''',"C",("A","B","C","D"))

question_02=question('''
Which of these is both a fruit and a vegetable?
A). Cauliflower
B). Tomato
C). Brocolli
D). Okrah
''',"B",("A","B","C","D"))

'''My objective is to write code that can automatically compile my questions (the
members of my question class) into a list,even if I have hundreds of them, without
having to manually write them into a list.'''

#If there are only two questions, final output should automatically become:
all_questions=[question_01,question_02]

#If there are one hundred questions, final output should automatically become:
all_questions=[question_01,question_02, ... ,question_99,question_100]

#Without having to manually type all of the one hundred questions (or members
#of the question class) to the list.

Answer 1

首先，您不应该有 100 个 question_01 到 question_100 变量。当您想重新排列问题、删除一个问题或在中间添加一个问题时，您会遇到麻烦。当您想在question_02 和question_03 之间提出一个新问题时，您真的要重命名 98 个变量吗？

此时，您应该强烈考虑将问题放入与源代码分开的数据文件中，并从文件中读取问题。但是，即使您不这样做，您也应该消除编号变量。将问题放在列表中开始。 （另外，类应该用 CamelCase 命名）：

questions = [
    Question('''
Which of these fruits is red?
A). Banana
B). Orange
C). Apple
D). Peach
''', "C", ("A","B","C","D")),
    Question('''
Which of these is both a fruit and a vegetable?
A). Cauliflower
B). Tomato
C). Brocolli
D). Okrah
''', "B", ("A","B","C","D")),
    ...
]

Answer 2

有一种方法可以做你想做的事：从模块（或文件）中获取给定类型的所有对象的列表。我提出了两种解决方案：

选项一，来自不同的模块（文件）：

假设你有以下文件：

问题模块.py

 class question:
    def __init__(self,question,answer,list_of_answers):
    self.question=question
    self.answer=answer
    self.list_of_answers=list_of_answers

 question_01=question('''
 Which of these fruits is red?
 A). Banana
 B). Orange
 C). Apple
 D). Peach
 ''',"C",("A","B","C","D"))

 question_02=question('''
 Which of these is both a fruit and a vegetable?
 A). Cauliflower
 B). Tomato
 C). Brocolli
 D). Okrah
 ''',"B",("A","B","C","D"))

然后您可以通过以下方式获取所有问题：

GetQuestions.py

import QuestionModule
def get():
    r = []
    for attribute in dir(QuestionModule):
        #print(attribute,"  ",type(getattr(QuestionModule,attribute)))
        if type(getattr(QuestionModule,attribute)) == QuestionModule.question:
            r.append(getattr(QuestionModule,attribute))  
    return r

l_questions = get()

或者：

import GetQuestions
l_questions = GetQuestions.get()

选项二，来自同一个模块（文件）：

如果你想对同一个文件做同样的事情，你可以这样做：

 class question:
    def __init__(self,question,answer,list_of_answers):
    self.question=question
    self.answer=answer
    self.list_of_answers=list_of_answers

 question_01=question('''
 Which of these fruits is red?
 A). Banana
 B). Orange
 C). Apple
 D). Peach
 ''',"C",("A","B","C","D"))
 question_02=question('''
 Which of these is both a fruit and a vegetable?
 A). Cauliflower
 B). Tomato
 C). Brocolli
 D). Okrah
 ''',"B",("A","B","C","D"))

def getQuestions():
    import sys
    l = dir(sys.modules[__name__])
    r = []
    for e in l:
        if sys.modules[__name__].question==type(getattr(sys.modules[__name__],e)):
            r.append(getattr(sys.modules[__name__], e))
    return r

L = getQuestions()
for i in L :
    print(i)
    print(i.question)

如果要多次调用getQuestions，可以从方法中取出import sys放在顶部。

Answer 3

两个答案都很好。我希望我可以选择他们两个作为主要答案。我把它给了 mm_ 因为他的回答最符合我的目标，但我也很喜欢 user2357112 的回答。

感谢大家的回答！