Python selenium 子类打开一个新的浏览器窗口 - 如何防止这种情况？

Question

我正在尝试为我的 selenium 浏览器创建一个子类。这是我的代码：

class SeleniumDriver:
    """Class that represents a game."""
    def __init__(self):
        # start Tor browser
        self.profile_path = r'C:\Tor Browser2\Browser\TorBrowser\Data\Browser\profile.default'
        self.options = Options()
        self.options.binary_location = r'C:\Tor Browser2\Browser\firefox.exe'
        self.options.set_preference('profile', self.profile_path)
        self.service = Service('C:/Utility/BrowserDrivers/geckodriver/geckodriver.exe')
        self.driver = Firefox(service=self.service, options=self.options)

class Items(SeleniumDriver):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
    # More methods that do stuff....

当我初始化这两个类时，子类会启动一个新的浏览器窗口。如何使其附加到现有/父级初始化浏览器？我尝试将“self.driver = Firefox”分离到另一种方法，但随后子类抛出：

AttributeError: 'Item' object has no attribute 'driver'

Answer 1

有多种方法可以解决这个问题。

但一般来说，你应该认为你真的需要继承吗？

为什么不委托？

如果您只想使用某个类启动的驱动程序，则将driver 作为参数添加到构造函数，甚至添加SeleniumDriver 作为参数。

见https://erikscode.space/index.php/2020/08/01/delegate-and-decorate-in-python-part-1-the-delegation-pattern/

以驱动程序为参数

class SeleniumDriver:

    driver = None

    def __init__(self):
        ...
        self.driver = Firefox(service=self.service, options=self.options)

class Items:

    driver = None

    # parameterized constructor
    def __init__(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver

...
seleniumDriver = SeleniumDriver()
itemsObj = Items(seleniumDriver.driver)

以 SeleniumDriver 作为参数

class Items:

    seleniumDriver = None

    # parameterized constructor
    def __init__(self, seleniumDriver):
        self.seleniumDriver = seleniumDriver

...

seleniumDriver = SeleniumDriver()
itemsObj = Items(seleniumDriver)

继续使用继承

对于这种情况，我建议从构造函数中移出这一行

self.driver = Firefox(service=self.service, options=self.options)

到单独的start_driver 方法：

class SeleniumDriver:
    
    def __init__(self):
        self.profile_path = r'C:\Tor Browser2\Browser\TorBrowser\Data\Browser\profile.default'
        self.options = Options()
        self.options.binary_location = r'C:\Tor Browser2\Browser\firefox.exe'
        self.options.set_preference('profile', self.profile_path)
        self.service = Service('C:/Utility/BrowserDrivers/geckodriver/geckodriver.exe')

    def start_driver(self):
        self.driver = Firefox(service=self.service, options=self.options)


class Items(SeleniumDriver):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

    def with_driver(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver

...
seleniumDriver = SeleniumDriver()
seleniumDriver.start_driver()

itemsObj = Items()
itemsObj.with_driver(seleniumDriver.driver)

或将驱动参数添加到构造函数：

class Items(SeleniumDriver):
    def __init__(self, driver):
        super().__init__()
        self.driver = driver

...
seleniumDriver = SeleniumDriver()
seleniumDriver.start_driver()
itemsObj = Items(seleniumDriver.driver) #make sure start_driver() already invoked on seleniumDriver