如何使用 UPnP C# 发送 SetAVTransportURI？

Question

我正在尝试向我的电视 (Sony Bravia KDL-42W800A) 发送命令以通过 UPnP 播放视频。我可以使用 SSDP 发现网络上的所有 UPnP 设备。以下是来自电视的示例响应：

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
CACHE-CONTROL: max-age=1800
EXT: 
LOCATION: http://192.168.1.11:52323/dmr.xml
SERVER: Linux/2.6 UPnP/1.0 KDL-42W800A/1.7
ST: urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:AVTransport:1
USN: uuid:00000000-0000-1010-8000-d8d43c73618b::urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:AVTransport:1
X-AV-Physical-Unit-Info: pa="BRAVIA KDL-42W800A";
X-AV-Server-Info: av=5.0; cn="Sony Corporation"; mn="BRAVIA KDL-42W800A"; mv="1.7";

从这里我按照位置检索包含电视上更多细节的 XML 文件。如下所示：

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<root xmlns="urn:schemas-upnp-org:device-1-0"
      xmlns:pnpx="http://schemas.microsoft.com/windows/pnpx/2005/11"
      xmlns:df="http://schemas.microsoft.com/windows/2008/09/devicefoundation">
  <specVersion>
    <major>1</major>
    <minor>0</minor>
  </specVersion>
  <device>
    <deviceType>urn:schemas-upnp-org:device:MediaRenderer:1</deviceType>
    <friendlyName>BRAVIA KDL-42W800A</friendlyName>
    <manufacturer>Sony Corporation</manufacturer>
    <manufacturerURL>http://www.sony.net/</manufacturerURL>
    <modelName>KDL-42W800A</modelName>
    <modelNumber>MINT1.7.0.1</modelNumber>
    <UDN>uuid:00000000-0000-1010-8000-d8d43c73618b</UDN>
    <dlna:X_DLNADOC xmlns:dlna="urn:schemas-dlna-org:device-1-0">DMR-1.50</dlna:X_DLNADOC>
    <microsoft:magicPacketWakeSupported xmlns:microsoft="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:WMPNSS-1-0">1</microsoft:magicPacketWakeSupported>
    <iconList>
      <icon>
        <mimetype>image/png</mimetype>
        <width>32</width>
        <height>32</height>
        <depth>24</depth>
        <url>/MediaRenderer_32x32.png</url>
      </icon>
      <icon>
        <mimetype>image/png</mimetype>
        <width>48</width>
        <height>48</height>
        <depth>24</depth>
        <url>/MediaRenderer_48x48.png</url>
      </icon>
      <icon>
        <mimetype>image/png</mimetype>
        <width>60</width>
        <height>60</height>
        <depth>24</depth>
        <url>/MediaRenderer_60x60.png</url>
      </icon>
      <icon>
        <mimetype>image/png</mimetype>
        <width>120</width>
        <height>120</height>
        <depth>24</depth>
        <url>/MediaRenderer_120x120.png</url>
      </icon>
      <icon>
        <mimetype>image/jpeg</mimetype>
        <width>32</width>
        <height>32</height>
        <depth>24</depth>
        <url>/MediaRenderer_32x32.jpg</url>
      </icon>
      <icon>
        <mimetype>image/jpeg</mimetype>
        <width>48</width>
        <height>48</height>
        <depth>24</depth>
        <url>/MediaRenderer_48x48.jpg</url>
      </icon>
      <icon>
        <mimetype>image/jpeg</mimetype>
        <width>60</width>
        <height>60</height>
        <depth>24</depth>
        <url>/MediaRenderer_60x60.jpg</url>
      </icon>
      <icon>
        <mimetype>image/jpeg</mimetype>
        <width>120</width>
        <height>120</height>
        <depth>24</depth>
        <url>/MediaRenderer_120x120.jpg</url>
      </icon>
    </iconList>
    <serviceList>
      <service>
        <serviceType>urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:RenderingControl:1</serviceType>
        <serviceId>urn:upnp-org:serviceId:RenderingControl</serviceId>
        <SCPDURL>/RenderingControlSCPD.xml</SCPDURL>
        <controlURL>/upnp/control/RenderingControl</controlURL>
        <eventSubURL>/upnp/event/RenderingControl</eventSubURL>
      </service>
      <service>
        <serviceType>urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:ConnectionManager:1</serviceType>
        <serviceId>urn:upnp-org:serviceId:ConnectionManager</serviceId>
        <SCPDURL>/ConnectionManagerSCPD.xml</SCPDURL>
        <controlURL>/upnp/control/ConnectionManager</controlURL>
        <eventSubURL>/upnp/event/ConnectionManager</eventSubURL>
      </service>
      <service>
        <serviceType>urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:AVTransport:1</serviceType>
        <serviceId>urn:upnp-org:serviceId:AVTransport</serviceId>
        <SCPDURL>/AVTransportSCPD.xml</SCPDURL>
        <controlURL>/upnp/control/AVTransport</controlURL>
        <eventSubURL>/upnp/event/AVTransport</eventSubURL>
      </service>
      <service>
        <serviceType>urn:dial-multiscreen-org:service:dial:1</serviceType>
        <serviceId>urn:dial-multiscreen-org:serviceId:dial</serviceId>
        <SCPDURL>/DIALSCPD.xml</SCPDURL>
        <controlURL>/upnp/control/DIAL</controlURL>
        <eventSubURL></eventSubURL>
      </service>
      <service>
        <serviceType>urn:schemas-sony-com:service:IRCC:1</serviceType>
        <serviceId>urn:schemas-sony-com:serviceId:IRCC</serviceId>
        <SCPDURL>/IRCCSCPD.xml</SCPDURL>
        <controlURL>http://192.168.1.11/sony/IRCC</controlURL>
        <eventSubURL></eventSubURL>
      </service>
      <service>
        <serviceType>urn:schemas-sony-com:service:ScalarWebAPI:1</serviceType>
        <serviceId>urn:schemas-sony-com:serviceId:ScalarWebAPI</serviceId>
        <SCPDURL>/ScalarWebApiSCPD.xml</SCPDURL>
        <controlURL>/upnp/control/ScalarAPI</controlURL>
        <eventSubURL></eventSubURL>
      </service>
    </serviceList>
    <av:X_MaxBGMCount xmlns:av="urn:schemas-sony-com:av">64</av:X_MaxBGMCount>
    <av:X_StandardDMR xmlns:av="urn:schemas-sony-com:av">1.1</av:X_StandardDMR>
    <av:X_ScreenResolution xmlns:av="urn:schemas-sony-com:av">2K</av:X_ScreenResolution>
    <av:X_IRCCCodeList xmlns:av="urn:schemas-sony-com:av">
      <av:X_IRCCCode command="Power">AAAAAQAAAAEAAAAVAw==</av:X_IRCCCode>
      <av:X_IRCCCode command="Power ON">AAAAAQAAAAEAAAAuAw==</av:X_IRCCCode>
      <av:X_IRCCCode command="Power OFF">AAAAAQAAAAEAAAAvAw==</av:X_IRCCCode>
    </av:X_IRCCCodeList>
    <pnpx:X_compatibleId>MS_DigitalMediaDeviceClass_DMR_V001</pnpx:X_compatibleId>
    <pnpx:X_deviceCategory>MediaDevices</pnpx:X_deviceCategory>
    <pnpx:X_hardwareId>VEN_0106&amp;DEV_0006&amp;REV_01</pnpx:X_hardwareId>
    <df:X_deviceCategory>Display.TV Multimedia.DMR</df:X_deviceCategory>
    <av:X_TrackID_DeviceInfo xmlns:av="urn:schemas-sony-com:av">
      <av:X_TrackID_BaseURL>http://192.168.1.11/sony/BgmSearch</av:X_TrackID_BaseURL>
    </av:X_TrackID_DeviceInfo>
    <av:X_DIALEX_DeviceInfo xmlns:av="urn:schemas-sony-com:av"> 
        <av:X_DIALEX_AppsListURL>http://192.168.1.11/DIAL/sony/applist</av:X_DIALEX_AppsListURL>
    </av:X_DIALEX_DeviceInfo>
    <av:X_ScalarWebAPI_DeviceInfo xmlns:av="urn:schemas-sony-com:av">
      <av:X_ScalarWebAPI_Version>1.0</av:X_ScalarWebAPI_Version>
      <av:X_ScalarWebAPI_BaseURL>http://192.168.1.11/sony</av:X_ScalarWebAPI_BaseURL>
      <av:X_ScalarWebAPI_ServiceList>
        <av:X_ScalarWebAPI_ServiceType>guide</av:X_ScalarWebAPI_ServiceType>
        <av:X_ScalarWebAPI_ServiceType>system</av:X_ScalarWebAPI_ServiceType>
        <av:X_ScalarWebAPI_ServiceType>videoScreen</av:X_ScalarWebAPI_ServiceType>
        <av:X_ScalarWebAPI_ServiceType>audio</av:X_ScalarWebAPI_ServiceType>
        <av:X_ScalarWebAPI_ServiceType>avContent</av:X_ScalarWebAPI_ServiceType>
        <av:X_ScalarWebAPI_ServiceType>recording</av:X_ScalarWebAPI_ServiceType>
        <av:X_ScalarWebAPI_ServiceType>appControl</av:X_ScalarWebAPI_ServiceType>
        <av:X_ScalarWebAPI_ServiceType>browser</av:X_ScalarWebAPI_ServiceType>
        <av:X_ScalarWebAPI_ServiceType>notification</av:X_ScalarWebAPI_ServiceType>
        <av:X_ScalarWebAPI_ServiceType>cec</av:X_ScalarWebAPI_ServiceType>
        <av:X_ScalarWebAPI_ServiceType>accessControl</av:X_ScalarWebAPI_ServiceType>
        <av:X_ScalarWebAPI_ServiceType>irCommandProxy</av:X_ScalarWebAPI_ServiceType>
      </av:X_ScalarWebAPI_ServiceList>
    </av:X_ScalarWebAPI_DeviceInfo>
    <av:X_RDIS_DeviceInfo xmlns:av="urn:schemas-sony-com:av">
      <av:X_RDIS_Version>1.0</av:X_RDIS_Version>
      <av:X_RDIS_SESSION_CONTROL>false</av:X_RDIS_SESSION_CONTROL>
      <av:X_RDIS_ENTRY_PORT>20677</av:X_RDIS_ENTRY_PORT>
    </av:X_RDIS_DeviceInfo>
  </device>
</root>

使用此信息，如果我有链接，我如何请求电视播放视频？我已经尝试根据我在网上阅读的内容，到目前为止得到了这段代码，它应该设置 AVTransportURI，但它一直给出错误 500 Internal Server Error。

    private const string SetAvTransportURIXml = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>" +
                                                    "<s:Envelope xmlns:s=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\" s:encodingStyle=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/\">" +
                                                        "<s:Body>" +
                                                            "<u:SetAVTransportURI xmlns:u=\"urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:AVTransport:1\">" +
                                                                "<InstanceID>0</InstanceID>" +
                                                                "<CurrentURI>{0}</CurrentURI>" +
                                                                "<CurrentURIMetaData></CurrentURIMetaData>" +
                                                            "</u:SetAVTransportURI>" +
                                                        "</s:Body>" +
                                                    "</s:Envelope>";

    public void PlayVideo(string videoLink)
    {
        byte[] bytes;
        bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(String.Format(SetAvTransportURIXml, videoLink));

        HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create("http://192.168.1.11:52323/upnp/control/AVTransport");
        request.Headers.Add("SOAPAction", "\"urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:AVTransport:1#SetAVTransportURI\"");
        request.ContentType = "text/xml; encoding=\"utf-8\"";
        request.ContentLength = bytes.Length;
        request.Method = "POST";
        Stream requestStream = request.GetRequestStream();
        requestStream.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
        requestStream.Flush();
        requestStream.Close();
        var response = (HttpWebResponse) request.GetResponse();
        if (response.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.OK)
        {
            Stream responseStream = response.GetResponseStream();
            if (responseStream == null) return;
            string responseStr = new StreamReader(responseStream).ReadToEnd();
            Console.WriteLine(responseStr);
        }
    }

任何帮助将不胜感激，谢谢。

Answer 1

尝试在CurrentURIMetaData 参数中放入一些DIDL-Lite 元数据。如果我将该字段留空，我的 LG 电视将拒绝播放任何内容。

例如以下对我有用（当嵌入到外部 XML 结构中时自然需要转义）：

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<DIDL-Lite xmlns="urn:schemas-upnp-org:metadata-1-0/DIDL-Lite/" xmlns:upnp="urn:schemas-upnp-org:metadata-1-0/upnp/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:sec="http://www.sec.co.kr/">
<item id="f-0" parentID="0" restricted="0">
    <dc:title>Video</dc:title>
    <dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator>
    <upnp:class>object.item.videoItem</upnp:class>
    <res protocolInfo="http-get:*:video/mp4:DLNA.ORG_OP=01;DLNA.ORG_CI=0;DLNA.ORG_FLAGS=01700000000000000000000000000000">{0}</res>
</item>
</DIDL-Lite>

还可能需要在对电视媒体请求的 HTTP 响应中包含一些特殊的标头（在您提供的 URL 上）。我的 LG 电视拒绝播放，除非媒体文件响应具有以下标题（顺便说一句，区分大小写！）：

contentFeatures.dlna.org: DLNA.ORG_OP=01;DLNA.ORG_CI=0;DLNA.ORG_FLAGS=01700000000000000000000000000000
transferMode.dlna.org: Streaming

在实施 UPnP/DLNA 时会出现很多问题。如果有什么电视不喜欢，它会拒绝接受。错误消息可能相当不具体。需要进行大量测试迭代来确定如何强制不同的 DLNA 设备实现进行合作。市场上的许多/大多数电视设备仅实现了一小部分规格。以他们自己的方式。

在 Github 代码搜索中搜索 SetAVTransportURI 等有助于了解其他人是如何实现的。

Answer 2

我正在为我的 Sony BRAVIA KDL-40EX505 编码并且遇到了同样的问题。

192.168.0.102 是我的计算机和音乐文件服务器。 192.168.0.10 是索尼电视。

当我执行 setAVTransportURI 时，会发生以下情况：

以下 POST 被发送到电视

POST /upnp/control/AVTransport HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.0.10:52323
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 442
Cache-Control: no-cache
Origin: chrome-extension://fhbjgbiflinjbdggehcddcbncdddomop
Content-Type: text/xml;charset="UTF-8"
Soapaction: "urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:AVTransport:1#SetAVTransportURI"
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/48.0.2564.116 Safari/537.36
Postman-Token: a8169b28-fb09-7029-60a9-b7e2641dc1d6
Accept: */*
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept-Language: de-DE,de;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.6,en;q=0.4

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?>
<s:Envelope s:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" xmlns:s="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
   <s:Body>
      <u:SetAVTransportURI xmlns:u="urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:AVTransport:1">
         <InstanceID>0</InstanceID>
         <CurrentURI>http://192.168.0.102:80/music.php?f=geradeaus</CurrentURI>
         <CurrentURIMetaData></CurrentURIMetaData>
      </u:SetAVTransportURI>
   </s:Body>
</s:Envelope>

电视从上面的 POST 向 CurrentURI 中指定的 URL 发送 HEAD 请求：

HEAD /music.php?f=geradeaus HTTP/1.1
getcontentFeatures.dlna.org: 1
X-AV-Physical-Unit-Info: pa="BRAVIA KDL-40EX505";
X-AV-Client-Info: av="5.0"; cn="Sony Corporation"; mn="BRAVIA KDL-40EX505"; mv="1.7";
Host: 192.168.0.102:80

HEAD 请求的答案是：

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sat, 05 Mar 2016 20:58:58 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.9 (Win64) PHP/5.5.12
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.5.12
Content-Length: 9622288
transferMode.dlna.org: Streaming
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Cache-Control: no-cache
contentFeatures.dlna.org: DLNA.ORG_PN=MP3;DLNA.ORG_OP=01;DLNA.ORG_FLAGS=01700000000000000000000000000000
Content-Type: audio/mpeg

如果一切正常，电视会以 200 OK 响应第一个 POST 请求，否则会收到 500 Internal Server Error。

结果

因此，对于 Sony BRAVIA KDL-40EX505，启用

transferMode.dlna.org: Streaming

和

contentFeatures.dlna.org: DLNA.ORG_PN=MP3;DLNA.ORG_OP=01;DLNA.ORG_FLAGS=01700000000000000000000000000000

在对音频或视频文件的 HEADER 请求的响应中。 我用一个 php 文件做到了：

<?php 
   $file = $_GET['f'].'.mp3';

   header('Content-Length: '.filesize($file));
   header('Content-Type: audio/mpeg');
   header('transferMode.dlna.org: Streaming');
   header('Accept-Ranges: bytes');
   header('Cache-Control: no-cache');
   header('contentFeatures.dlna.org: DLNA.ORG_PN=MP3;DLNA.ORG_OP=01;DLNA.ORG_FLAGS=01700000000000000000000000000000');

   fpassthru(fopen($file, 'rb'));
   exit;
?>

这是通过 192.168.0.102:80/music.php?f=geradeaus 调用并返回 geradeaus.mp3

找出 contentFeatures.dlna.org 字符串

我使用 BubbleUPnP for Android（您必须找到适合您的 UPnP 播放器）来播放音乐文件。之后我打开 Cling Workbench (http://4thline.org/projects/cling/workbench/) 选择我的电视，在树形视图中选择 AVTransport 和“使用服务”按钮。通过 BubbleUPnP 播放的文件的 URI 显示在“当前 URI”下。 然后我使用通过 WireShark 找到的 HEADER 对该 URI 进行了 HEAD 调用（重要的是 getcontentFeatures.dlna.org、X-AV-Physical-Unit-Info 和 X-AV-Client-Info，您还可以发送 http GET到 yourTV:52323/upnp/control/AVTransport 而不是使用 WireShark，后者在响应标头中返回 X-AV-Physical-Unit-Info 和 X-AV-Client-Info。

在 Android 上对 BubbleUPnP 的 HEAD 调用：

HEAD /external/audio/media/8588.mp3 HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.0.12:57645
Connection: keep-alive
Cache-Control: no-cache
X-AV-Physical-Unit-Info: pa="BRAVIA KDL-40EX505";
X-AV-Client-Info: av="5.0"; cn="Sony Corporation"; mn="BRAVIA KDL-40EX505"; mv="1.7";
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/48.0.2564.116 Safari/537.36
getcontentFeatures.dlna.org: 1
Postman-Token: 39fabd1c-7464-6631-2645-c62cdca6f83d
Accept: */*
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, sdch
Accept-Language: de-DE,de;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.6,en;q=0.4

BubbleUPnP 使用正确的 contentFeatures.dlna.org 字符串回答

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sat, 05 Mar 2016 21:31:37 GMT
Server: Android, UPnP/1.0 DLNADOC/1.50, BubbleUPnP/2.6.0.2-amz
Cache-Control: no-cache
transferMode.dlna.org: Streaming
contentFeatures.dlna.org: DLNA.ORG_PN=MP3;DLNA.ORG_OP=01;DLNA.ORG_FLAGS=01700000000000000000000000000000
Content-Type: audio/mpeg
Last-Modified: Sat, 05 Mar 2016 18:21:43 GMT
Content-Length: 8523162
Accept-Ranges: bytes