java - 如何在java中使用selenium webdriver为chrome设置默认下载位置属性？

Question

我想使用 webdriver 在指定的下载位置设置自动下载。我尝试了以下不适用于 chrome 的代码：

        ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
        options.addArguments("download.default_directory", downloadPath);
        this.driver = new ChromeDriver(options);

你能纠正我哪里错了吗？

Answer 1

对于像我这样正在搜索此内容并不断回到 3 年前提出的问题的人来说，这是一个更新的答案。 Chromium 支持here in Comment 8: 在 2015 年 4 月回答了这个问题。

Map<String, Object> prefs = new HashMap<String, Object>();
prefs.put("download.default_directory", "C:\\New_Download");

DesiredCapabilities caps = DesiredCapabilities.chrome();

ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.setExperimentalOption("prefs", prefs);
options.addArguments("--disable-extensions");
caps.setCapability(ChromeOptions.CAPABILITY, options);

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(caps);
driver.get("http://www.google.com");

我已经在本地进行了测试，并且可以正常工作。您可能需要像我一样添加以下选项参数来禁用扩展，即 options.addArguments("--disable-extensions");

Answer 2

由于以下原因，我不确定您是否只能执行下载设置 chromeOption：

ChromeOptions 类确实包含下载路径参数的实现。

但我建议您使用替代方法，尽管它看起来更复杂：

package com.lazerycode.selenium.filedownloader;

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.params.ClientPNames;
import org.apache.http.client.protocol.ClientContext;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicCookieStore;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.cookie.BasicClientCookie;
import org.apache.http.params.HttpParams;
import org.apache.http.protocol.BasicHttpContext;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Set;

public class FileDownloader {

    private static final Logger LOG = Logger.getLogger(FileDownloader.class);
    private WebDriver driver;
    private String localDownloadPath = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir");
    private boolean followRedirects = true;
    private boolean mimicWebDriverCookieState = true;
    private int httpStatusOfLastDownloadAttempt = 0;

    public FileDownloader(WebDriver driverObject) {
        this.driver = driverObject;
    }

    /**
     * Specify if the FileDownloader class should follow redirects when trying to download a file
     *
     * @param value
     */
    public void followRedirectsWhenDownloading(boolean value) {
        this.followRedirects = value;
    }

    /**
     * Get the current location that files will be downloaded to.
     *
     * @return The filepath that the file will be downloaded to.
     */
    public String localDownloadPath() {
        return this.localDownloadPath;
    }

    /**
     * Set the path that files will be downloaded to.
     *
     * @param filePath The filepath that the file will be downloaded to.
     */
    public void localDownloadPath(String filePath) {
        this.localDownloadPath = filePath;
    }

    /**
     * Download the file specified in the href attribute of a WebElement
     *
     * @param element
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public String downloadFile(WebElement element) throws Exception {
        return downloader(element, "href");
    }

    /**
     * Download the image specified in the src attribute of a WebElement
     *
     * @param element
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public String downloadImage(WebElement element) throws Exception {
        return downloader(element, "src");
    }

    /**
     * Gets the HTTP status code of the last download file attempt
     *
     * @return
     */
    public int getHTTPStatusOfLastDownloadAttempt() {
        return this.httpStatusOfLastDownloadAttempt;
    }

    /**
     * Mimic the cookie state of WebDriver (Defaults to true)
     * This will enable you to access files that are only available when logged in.
     * If set to false the connection will be made as an anonymouse user
     *
     * @param value
     */
    public void mimicWebDriverCookieState(boolean value) {
        this.mimicWebDriverCookieState = value;
    }

    /**
     * Load in all the cookies WebDriver currently knows about so that we can mimic the browser cookie state
     *
     * @param seleniumCookieSet
     * @return
     */
    private BasicCookieStore mimicCookieState(Set seleniumCookieSet) {
        BasicCookieStore mimicWebDriverCookieStore = new BasicCookieStore();
        for (Cookie seleniumCookie : seleniumCookieSet) {
            BasicClientCookie duplicateCookie = new BasicClientCookie(seleniumCookie.getName(), seleniumCookie.getValue());
            duplicateCookie.setDomain(seleniumCookie.getDomain());
            duplicateCookie.setSecure(seleniumCookie.isSecure());
            duplicateCookie.setExpiryDate(seleniumCookie.getExpiry());
            duplicateCookie.setPath(seleniumCookie.getPath());
            mimicWebDriverCookieStore.addCookie(duplicateCookie);
        }

        return mimicWebDriverCookieStore;
    }

    /**
     * Perform the file/image download.
     *
     * @param element
     * @param attribute
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     * @throws NullPointerException
     */
    private String downloader(WebElement element, String attribute) throws IOException, NullPointerException, URISyntaxException {
        String fileToDownloadLocation = element.getAttribute(attribute);
        if (fileToDownloadLocation.trim().equals("")) throw new NullPointerException("The element you have specified does not link to anything!");

        URL fileToDownload = new URL(fileToDownloadLocation);
        File downloadedFile = new File(this.localDownloadPath + fileToDownload.getFile().replaceFirst("/|\\\\", ""));
        if (downloadedFile.canWrite() == false) downloadedFile.setWritable(true);

        HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
        BasicHttpContext localContext = new BasicHttpContext();

        LOG.info("Mimic WebDriver cookie state: " + this.mimicWebDriverCookieState);
        if (this.mimicWebDriverCookieState) {
            localContext.setAttribute(ClientContext.COOKIE_STORE, mimicCookieState(this.driver.manage().getCookies()));
        }

        HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet(fileToDownload.toURI());
        HttpParams httpRequestParameters = httpget.getParams();
        httpRequestParameters.setParameter(ClientPNames.HANDLE_REDIRECTS, this.followRedirects);
        httpget.setParams(httpRequestParameters);

        LOG.info("Sending GET request for: " + httpget.getURI());
        HttpResponse response = client.execute(httpget, localContext);
        this.httpStatusOfLastDownloadAttempt = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
        LOG.info("HTTP GET request status: " + this.httpStatusOfLastDownloadAttempt);
        LOG.info("Downloading file: " + downloadedFile.getName());
        FileUtils.copyInputStreamToFile(response.getEntity().getContent(), downloadedFile);
        response.getEntity().getContent().close();

        String downloadedFileAbsolutePath = downloadedFile.getAbsolutePath();
        LOG.info("File downloaded to '" + downloadedFileAbsolutePath + "'");

        return downloadedFileAbsolutePath;
    }

}

上述代码使用的适当例子：

@Test
public void downloadAFile() throws Exception {
    FileDownloader downloadTestFile = new FileDownloader(driver);
    driver.get("http://www.localhost.com/downloadTest.html");
    WebElement downloadLink = driver.findElement(By.id("fileToDownload"));
    String downloadedFileAbsoluteLocation = downloadTestFile.downloadFile(downloadLink);

    assertThat(new File(downloadedFileAbsoluteLocation).exists(), is(equalTo(true)));
    assertThat(downloadTestFile.getHTTPStatusOfLastDownloadAttempt(), is(equalTo(200)));
}

@Test
public void downloadAnImage() throws Exception {
    FileDownloader downloadTestFile = new FileDownloader(driver);
    driver.get("http://www.localhost.com//downloadTest.html");
    WebElement image = driver.findElement(By.id("ebselenImage"));
    String downloadedImageAbsoluteLocation = downloadTestFile.downloadImage(image);

    assertThat(new File(downloadedImageAbsoluteLocation).exists(), is(equalTo(true)));
    assertThat(downloadTestFile.getHTTPStatusOfLastDownloadAttempt(), is(equalTo(200)));
}

这个例子取自How To Download Files With Selenium And Why You Shouldn’t。浏览它以获取更多详细信息。希望对你有帮助。