如何在使用 Cucumber 和 JUnit 时截取屏幕截图并将其附加到 Allure 报告中？

Question

我在我的自动化测试项目中使用 Cucumber、Selenium、Java、Maven 和 JUnit 堆栈。

目标是对失败和损坏的测试进行截图。我找到了 Java/Maven/JUnit 堆栈的解决方案：

@Rule
public TestWatcher screenshotOnFailure = new TestWatcher() {
    @Override
    protected void failed(Throwable e, Description description) {
        makeScreenshotOnFailure();
    }

    @Attachment("Screenshot on failure")
    public byte[] makeScreenshotOnFailure() {
        return ((TakesScreenshot) driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BYTES);
    }
};

但是，当然它在使用 Cucumber 的情况下不起作用，因为它不使用任何 @Test 方法。

所以，我决定将@Rule 更改为@ClassRule，让它监听任何失败，所以这里是：

@ClassRule
public static TestWatcher screenshotOnFailure = new TestWatcher() {
    @Override
    protected void failed(Throwable e, Description description) {
        makeScreenshotOnFailure();
    }

    @Attachment("Screenshot on failure")
    public byte[] makeScreenshotOnFailure() {
        logger.debug("Taking screenshot");
        return ((TakesScreenshot) Application.getInstance().getWebDriver()).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BYTES);
    }
};

这个解决方案对我没有帮助。

所以，问题是：“当我在测试项目中使用 Java/Selenium/Cucumber/JUnit/Maven 时，如何在失败时附加屏幕截图？”

Answer 1

解决方案就是在定义类中添加以下代码：

@After
public void embedScreenshot(Scenario scenario) {
    if (scenario.isFailed()) {
        try {
            byte[] screenshot = ((TakesScreenshot) Application.getInstance().getWebDriver())
                    .getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BYTES);
            scenario.embed(screenshot, "image/png");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

Answer 2

在 GlobalGlue 中

public class GlobalGlue {

  @Before
  public void before(Scenario scenario) throws Exception {
    CONTEXT.setScenario(scenario);
  }

  @After
  public void after() {
    WebDriverUtility.after(getDriver(), CONTEXT.getScenario());
  }

}

创建另一个类 WebDriverUtility 并在该添加方法中：

public static void after(WebDriver driver, Scenario scenario) {
  getScreenshot(driver, scenario);
  driver.close();
}

和

public static void getScreenshot(WebDriver driver, Scenario scenario) {
if (scenario.isFailed()) {
  final byte[] screenshot = ((TakesScreenshot) driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BYTES);
  scenario.embed(screenshot, "image/png");
  log.info("Thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getId() + " :: "
      + "Screenshot taken and inserted in scenario report");
}

}

主要是当场景失败时，您需要将屏幕截图嵌入场景中：

 final byte[] screenshot = ((TakesScreenshot) driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BYTES);
 scenario.embed(screenshot, "image/png");

ExecutionContext.java

import com.google.common.cache.CacheBuilder;
import com.google.common.cache.CacheLoader;
import com.google.common.cache.LoadingCache;
import cucumber.api.Scenario;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;

/**
 * Maintains one webdriver per scenario and one scenario per thread.
 * Can be used for parallel execution.
 * Assumes that scenarios within one feature are not parallel.
 * Can be rewritten using <code>ThreadLocal</code>.
 *
 * @author dkhvatov
 */
public enum ExecutionContext {

  CONTEXT;

  private static final Logger log = LogManager.getLogger(ExecutionContext.class);

  private final LoadingCache<Scenario, WebDriver> webDrivers =
    CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
      .build(CacheLoader.from(scenario ->
        WebDriverUtility.createDriver()));

  private final Map<String, Scenario> scenarios = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();


  /**
   * Lazily gets a webdriver for the current scenario.
   *
   * @return webdriver
   */
  public WebDriver getDriver() {
    try {
      Scenario scenario = getScenario();
      if (scenario == null) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Scenario is not set for context. " +
          "Please verify your glue settings. Either use GlobalGlue, or set " +
          "scenario manually: CONTEXT.setScenario(scenario)");
      }
      return webDrivers.get(scenario);
    } catch (ExecutionException e) {
      log.error("Unable to start webdriver", e);
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Gets scenario for a current thread.
   *
   * @return scenario
   */
  public Scenario getScenario() {
    return scenarios.get(Thread.currentThread().getName());
  }

  /**
   * Sets current scenario. Overwrites current scenario in a map.
   *
   * @param scenario scenario
   */
  public void setScenario(Scenario scenario) {
    scenarios.put(Thread.currentThread().getName(), scenario);
  }

}

Answer 3

通过这种方式，您可以将屏幕附加到您的魅力报告中。 还要在你的 pom 文件中使用最新的 allure 版本

import com.google.common.io.Files;
import io.qameta.allure.Attachment;
import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType;
import org.openqa.selenium.TakesScreenshot;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;

public class ScreenshotUtils {
    @Attachment(type = "image/png")
    public static byte[] screenshot(WebDriver driver)/* throws IOException */ {
        try {
            File screen = ((TakesScreenshot) driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
            return Files.toByteArray(screen);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            return null;
        }
    }
}

Pom 文件：

 <dependency>
        <groupId>io.qameta.allure</groupId>
        <artifactId>allure-cucumber4-jvm</artifactId>
        <version>${allure.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.qameta.allure</groupId>
        <artifactId>allure-junit4</artifactId>
        <version>${allure.version}</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>