使用 AppleScript 将文件名中的无效字符替换为破折号

Question

我的目标是使用 AppleScript 或 Javascript 在 Automator 中创建服务，它将所选文件名 ()[\\/:"*?<>|]+_ 和空格的所有无效字符替换为破折号 (-) 并使文件名小写。

Answer 1

借助正则表达式和桥接到 AppleScriptObjC 的 Foundation Framework 非常容易。

use AppleScript version "2.4" -- Yosemite (10.10) or later
use scripting additions

use framework "Foundation"

set fileName to "New(Foo)*aBcd<B|r.ext"

set nsFileName to current application's NSString's stringWithString:fileName
set nsLowerCaseFileName to nsFileName's lowercaseString()
set trimmedFileName to (nsLowerCaseFileName's stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:"[()[\\/:\"*?<>|]+_]" withString:"-" options:(current application's NSRegularExpressionSearch) range:{location:0, |length|:nsLowerCaseFileName's |length|()}) as text
display dialog trimmedFileName

Answer 2

这里有两个很好的解决方案。但是由于每个问题通常都有很多解决方案，因此我提供了另一种解决方案：

    property alphabet : "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    rename from "HELLO World+Foo(\"Bar\")new.ext"
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ### HANDLERS
    #
    # rename from:
    #   Receives a text string and processes it for invalid characters, which
    #   get replaced with the specified replacement string (default: "-"),
    #   returning the result
    to rename from filename given disallowed:¬
        invalidCharSet as text : "[()[\\/:\"*?<>|]+_] ", replaceWith:¬
        replacementStr as text : "-"
        local filename
        local invalidCharSet, replacementStr

        set my text item delimiters to {replacementStr} & ¬
            the characters of the invalidCharSet

        text items of the filename as text

        makeLowercase(the result)
    end rename


    # makeLowercase():
    #   Receives a text string as input and returns the string formatted as
    #   lowercase text
    to makeLowercase(str as text)
        local str

        set my text item delimiters to ""

        if str = "" then return ""

        set [firstLetter, otherLetters] to [¬
            the first character, ¬
            the rest of the characters] of str


        tell the firstLetter to if ¬
            it is "-" or ¬
            it is not in the alphabet then ¬
            return it & my makeLowercase(the otherLetters)

        considering case
            set x to (offset of the firstLetter in the alphabet) mod 27
        end considering

        return character x of the alphabet & my makeLowercase(the otherLetters)
    end makeLowercase

此代码可用于 Run AppleScript Automator 操作，将 rename from... 放在 on run {input, parameters} 处理程序中，其余代码放在它之外。它可以遵循在 Finder 中为其提供文件列表的操作，或者如果它作为 服务 运行，它可以直接从工作流的输入中接收其输入>。

    property alphabet : "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"

    on run {input, parameters}
        tell application "Finder" to repeat with f in input
            set the name of f to (rename from f)
        end repeat
    end run

    to rename from ...
        .
        .
    end rename

    to makeLowercase(str as text)
        .
        .
    end makeLowercase

Answer 3

可以通过在 Automator 服务中使用 Bash Shell 脚本来替换文件/文件夹名称中不允许的字符。

以下步骤描述了如何实现这一点：

配置自动机

1. 启动自动机
2. 键入⌘N，或从菜单栏中选择File > New。
3. 选择Service并点击Choose

4. 在画布区域的顶部配置其设置如下：

5. 选择左侧面板/列顶部的Library：

   • 在搜索字段中输入：Get Select Finder items 并将Get Select Finder items 操作拖到画布区域中。

   • 在搜索字段中输入：Run Shell 并将Run Shell Script 操作拖到画布区域中。

6. 如下配置Run Shell Script操作的顶部：

7. 将以下 Bash 脚本添加到 Run shell Script 操作的主要区域：

   #!/usr/bin/env bash
   
   # The following characters are considered impermissible in a basename:
   #
   #  - Left Square Bracket:   [
   #  - Right Square Bracket:  ]
   #  - Left Parenthesis:      (
   #  - Reverse Solidus:       \
   #  - Colon:                 :
   #  - Quotation Mark         "
   #  - Single Quotation Mark  '
   #  - Asterisk               *
   #  - Question Mark          ?
   #  - Less-than Sign         <
   #  - Greater-than Sign      >
   #  - Vertical Line          |
   #  - Plus Sign              +
   #  - Space Character
   #  - UnderScore             _
   #
   #  1. Sed is utilized for character replacement therefore characters listed
   #     in the bracket expression [...] must be escaped as necessary.
   #  2. Any forward slashes `/` in the basename are substituted by default with
   #     a Colon `:` at the shell level - so it's unnecessary to search for them.
   #
   declare -r IMPERMISSIBLE_CHARS="[][()\\:\"'*?<>|+_ ]"
   declare -r REPLACEMENT_STRING="-"
   
   # Obtain the POSIX path of each selected item in the `Finder`. Input must
   # passed to this script via a preceding `Get Selected Finder Items` action
   # in an Automator Services workflow.
   declare selected_items=("$@")
   
   declare -a sorted_paths
   declare -a numbered_paths
   
   # Prefix the POSIX path depth level to itself to aid sorting.
   for ((i = 0; i < "${#selected_items[@]}"; i++)); do
     numbered_paths+=("$(echo "${selected_items[$i]}" | \
         awk -F "/" '{ print NF-1, $0 }')")
   done
   
   # Sort each POSIX path in an array by descending order of its depth.
   # This ensures deeper paths are renamed before shallower paths.
   IFS=$'\n' read -rd '' -a sorted_paths <<<  \
       "$(printf "%s\\n" "${numbered_paths[@]}" | sort -rn )"
   
   
   # Logic to perform replacement of impermissible characters in a path basename.
   # @param: {Array} - POSIX paths sorted by depth in descending order.
   renameBaseName() {
     local paths=("$@") new_basename new_path
   
     for path in "${paths[@]}"; do
   
       # Remove numerical prefix from each $path.
       path="$(sed -E "s/^[0-9]+ //" <<< "$path")"
   
       # Replaces impermissible characters in path basename
       # and subsitutes uppercase characters with lowercase.
       new_basename="$(sed "s/$IMPERMISSIBLE_CHARS/$REPLACEMENT_STRING/g" <<< \
           "$(basename "${path}")" | tr "[:upper:]" "[:lower:]")"
   
       # Concatenate original dirname and new basename to form new path.
       new_path="$(dirname "${path}")"/"$new_basename"
   
       # Only rename the item when:
       # - New path does not already exist to prevent data loss.
       # - New basename length is less than or equal to 255 characters.
       if ! [ -e "$new_path" ] && [[ ${#new_basename} -le 255 ]]; then
         mv -n "$path" "$new_path"
       fi
     done
   }
   
   renameBaseName "${sorted_paths[@]}"
   

8. Automator 服务/工作流程的已完成画布区域现在应该如下所示：

9. 键入 ⌘S，或从菜单栏中选择 File > Save。我们将文件命名为Replace Impermissible Chars。

---

运行服务：

1. 在Finder中：

   • 选择单个文件或文件夹，然后ctrl+单击显示上下文菜单
   • 在上下文菜单中选择Replace Impermissible Chars 服务来运行它。

2. 或者，在Finder中：

   • 选择多个文件和/或文件夹，然后ctrl+单击显示上下文菜单
   • 在上下文菜单中选择Replace Impermissible Chars 服务来运行它。

---

注意事项：

1. Finder 将允许在一次选择的多达 1000 个文件/文件夹上运行服务。

2. 如果这是您创建的第一个 Automator 服务，您可能（如果我没记错的话！）需要重新启动计算机才能通过上下文弹出窗口使用它菜单。

3. 如果满足以下两个条件之一，Bash Shell 脚本将不会替换文件/文件夹名称中不允许的字符：

   • 如果文件/文件夹名称与生成的新文件/文件夹名称匹配。例如：假设我们有一个名为hello-world.txt 的文件，并且在同一个文件夹中有一个名为hello?world.txt 的文件。如果我们在hello?world.txt 上运行服务，它的名称将不会被更正/更改，因为这可能会覆盖已经存在的hello-world.txt 文件。

   • 如果生成的文件名是 >= 到 255 个字符。当然，这只有在您将 REPLACEMENT_STRING 值（在 Bash/Shell 脚本中）更改为多个字符而不是单个连字符 - 时才会发生。