Excel VBA：无法使用 if 语句和 for 循环删除多列

Question

1. 背景和目的。 我想根据特定的列标题删除“sheet1”中的多列。

例如：如果列名 = “First Name”、“Surname”、“DoB”、“Gender”、“Year” 然后删除整个列。

我使用 vba 来做到这一点。

• “执行”表中的“执行”按钮
• 数据保存在“Sheet1”中。
• 点击“执行”按钮，将执行宏并编辑“sheet1”中的数据。

这是我的代码

Sub SPO_EditDocument_BUttonClick()

'Declare constant variable
Dim CellValue As String

'Edit SPO Documents.
'Consider worksheet"SPO"

With Worksheets("Sheet1")

    '1. Loop and delete unnecessary columns
    LastCol = Sheets("Sheet1").Cells.Find(What:="*", After:=[A1], SearchOrder:=xlByColumns, _
              SearchDirection:=xlPrevious).Column

    For i = 1 To LastCol
        On Error Resume Next

        CellValue = Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(1, i)   'Get Column header

        If CellValue = "Firstname" Then
            Sheets("Sheet1").Columns(i).EntireColumn.Delete

        ElseIf CellValue = "Surname" Then
            Sheets("Sheet1").Columns(i).EntireColumn.Delete

        ElseIf CellValue = "DoB" Then
            Sheets("Sheet1").Columns(i).EntireColumn.Delete

        ElseIf CellValue = "Gender" Then
            Sheets("Sheet1").Columns(i).EntireColumn.Delete

        ElseIf CellValue = "Year" Then
            Sheets("Sheet1").Columns(i).EntireColumn.Delete
        End If
    Next i

End With  'End to process Worksheets

Application.ScreenUpdating = True

End Sub

---

Sample data table in sheet1

1. 问题：当我通过单击“执行”按钮执行宏时，当时只删除了 1 列。下一步点击→删除下一列（一键删除1列）。
2. 问题：为什么我的代码不能一键删除所有列？ 这种情况有什么问题？

任何帮助将不胜感激。 非常感谢您的关注。

Insert new columns before found cells

Answer 1

以相反的顺序遍历列。为此，请更改您的线路：

 For i = 1 To LastCol

到：

 For i = LastCol to 1 Step -1

Answer 2

另一种快捷方式

Option Explicit

Sub SPO_EditDocument_BUttonClick()
    Dim colNames As Variant, colName As Variant, actualColNames As Variant, foundColName As Variant
    Dim colsToDelete As String

    colNames = Array("Firstname", "Surname", "DoB", "Gender", "Year") ' build a list of column headers to be deleted

    With Worksheets("Sheet1") ' reference data sheet
        actualColNames = Application.Index(.Range("A1", .Cells(1, .Columns.count).End(xlToLeft)).Value, 1, 0) ' collect referenced sheet actual column headers

        For Each colName In colNames ' loop through your column headers to be deleted list
            foundColName = Application.Match(colName, actualColNames, 0) ' try finding current header to be deleted in actual headers list
            If Not IsError(foundColName) Then colsToDelete = colsToDelete & Columns(foundColName).Address(False, False) & " " 'if found update columns to be deleted index list
        Next

        If colsToDelete <> "" Then .Range(Replace(Trim(colsToDelete), " ", ",")).EntireColumn.Delete ' if columns to be deleted index list not empty, then delete thsoe columns
    End With

Answer 3

删除多个列的更快方法是使用Range 对象，在我的代码中它是DelRng，它合并所有通过您的删除条件的Columns - 使用Union 函数。所以最后，你只需要使用Delete 函数，这需要很长时间才能处理一次。

您可以将多个ElseIfs 替换为Select Case。

所有嵌套在With Worksheets("Sheet1") 中的对象都不需要再次使用With Worksheets("Sheet1")，只需使用. 作为所有Cells 和Range 对象的前缀即可。

您可以拥有更短、更快的代码版本，如下面的代码：

修改后的代码

Sub SPO_EditDocument_BUttonClick()

'Declare constant variable
Dim CellValue As String
Dim DelRng As Range

'Edit SPO Documents.
'Consider worksheet"SPO"

Application.ScreenUpdating = False

With Worksheets("Sheet1")

    '1. Loop and delete unnecessary columns
    LastCol = .Cells.Find(What:="*", After:=[A1], SearchOrder:=xlByColumns, SearchDirection:=xlPrevious).Column

    For i = 1 To LastCol
        CellValue = .Cells(1, i)   'Get Column header

        Select Case CellValue
            Case "Firstname", "Surname", "DoB", "Gender", "Year"
                If Not DelRng Is Nothing Then
                    Set DelRng = Application.Union(DelRng, .Columns(i))
                Else
                    Set DelRng = .Columns(i)
                End If

            Case Else
                ' Do nothing

        End Select
    Next i

End With  'End to process Worksheets

' if there's at least 1 column in DelRng >> delete the entire range (all columns) in 1-shot
If Not DelRng Is nothign Then DelRng.Delete

Application.ScreenUpdating = True

End Sub