如何使 2 个 tkinter 窗口的 2 个函数更加简洁？

Question

问题：

我有 2 个类似的 tkinter 窗口，我想对其进行压缩或模块化（因为我有几乎 2 个完全相同的功能），这将使代码更紧凑且更易于阅读（拥有 2 个有什么意义如果我可以只有一个功能吗？）。

我将如何做到这一点，我应该使用类还是函数？

代码：

from tkinter import * 
import sys

def register_normal():
    window1=Tk()
    window1.title('Registration')
    window1.geometry('300x300')

    def register(*args):
        print('This works aswell!')


    label_hidden=Label(window1, text="")
    photo1=PhotoImage(file='registration.png')
    photo_label1=Label(window1, image=photo1)
    label_hidden_1=Label(window1,text="")
    new_username_label=Label(window1,text='NEW USERNAME',font=('arial', 10, 'bold'))
    login_username=Entry(window1, width=40)
    label_hidden_2=Label(window1,text="")
    new_password_label=Label(window1,text='NEW MASTER PASSWORD',font=('arial', 10, 'bold'))
    login_password=Entry(window1,width=40, show='*')
    label_hidden_3=Label(window1,text="")

    login_btn=Button(window1,text='REGISTER',width=20,height=1,font=('arial', 10, 'bold'), command=register)
    login_password.bind('<Return>', register)

    label_hidden_1.pack()
    photo_label1.pack()
    label_hidden.pack()
    new_username_label.pack()
    login_username.pack()
    label_hidden_2.pack()
    new_password_label.pack()
    login_password.pack()
    label_hidden_3.pack()
    login_btn.pack()

    window1.mainloop()
    
def login_normal():
    window2=Tk()
    window2.title('Email Manager')
    window2.geometry('300x300')

    def login(*args):
        print('This works!')


    label_hidden=Label(window2, text="")
    photo2=PhotoImage(file='email.png')
    photo_label2=Label(window2, image=photo2)
    label_hidden_1=Label(window2,text="")
    username_lable=Label(window2,text='USERNAME',font=('arial', 10, 'bold'))
    login_username=Entry(window2, width=40)
    label_hidden_2=Label(window2,text="")
    password_lable=Label(window2,text='MASTER PASSWORD',font=('arial', 10, 'bold'))
    login_password=Entry(window2,width=40, show='*')
    label_hidden_3=Label(window2,text="")

    login_btn=Button(window2,text='LOGIN',width=20,height=1,font=('arial', 10, 'bold'), command=login)
    login_password.bind('<Return>', login)

    label_hidden_1.pack()
    photo_label2.pack()
    label_hidden.pack()
    username_lable.pack()
    login_username.pack()
    label_hidden_2.pack()
    password_lable.pack()
    login_password.pack()
    label_hidden_3.pack()
    login_btn.pack()

    window2.mainloop()


def main():
    register_normal()
    login_normal()
    
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

#===================================icons-and-pictures-author-attribute======================================#
#===========Icons made by "https://www.freepik.com" "Freepik" from "https://www.flaticon.com/" ==============#
#===================================icons-and-pictures-author-attribute======================================#

Answer 1

我会给你一个例子，你可以使用一个模板然后编辑值，我使用的是框架，当按下不同的按钮时可以提升它。

from tkinter import *

class Form(Frame):
    def __init__(self,master,user_txt,img,pw_txt,btn_txt,callback,*args,**kwargs):
        Frame.__init__(self,master,*args,**kwargs)
        
        self.photo1 = PhotoImage(file=img)
        Label(self, image=self.photo1).pack()
        Label(self,text=user_txt,font=('arial', 10, 'bold')).pack(pady=(50,0))
        
        self.e1 = Entry(self, width=40) # self because later needs to be accessed
        self.e1.pack(pady=(0,15))
       
        Label(self,text=pw_txt,font=('arial', 10, 'bold')).pack()
        
        self.e2 = Entry(self,width=40, show='*')
        self.e2.pack(pady=(0,15))

        login_btn = Button(self,text=btn_txt,width=20,height=1,font=('arial', 10, 'bold'), command=callback)
        self.e2.bind('<Return>', lambda e: callback())
        login_btn.pack(pady=(0,50))

def log(pg, e=None): # Do your password check and other stuff
    print('Username: ', pg.e1.get())
    print('Password: ', pg.e2.get())

def reg(pg, e=None):
    print('Reg Username: ', pg.e1.get())
    print('Reg Password: ', pg.e2.get())

if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = Tk()

    register = Form(root,'NEW USERNAME',None,'NEW MASTER PASSWORD','REGISTER',lambda: reg(register))
    login    = Form(root,'USERNAME',None,'MASTER PASSWORD','LOGIN',lambda: log(login))

    Button(root,text='Switch to register page',command=lambda: register.tkraise()).grid(row=1,column=0) # To raise register frame
    Button(root,text='Switch to login page',command=lambda: login.tkraise()).grid(row=2,column=0)

    register.grid(row=0,column=0) # Place in same place so can be raised with tkraise()
    login.grid(row=0,column=0)

    root.mainloop()

我删除了空白标签并使用pady=(up,down) 来推动标签上下。我使用了类而不是函数，因为它是可实例化的。这个使用框架的例子也将摆脱创建更多的窗口（更现代）。

正如您所看到的，这只是一个示例，因为注册表单需要 2 个密码框（也需要确认密码），请尝试将此方法仅用于类似的概念，登录和注册是不同的功能，因此它们的表单应该看起来也不同。您只需创建一个名为Login 的类，然后从Frame 继承并将其放置在屏幕上，就像这里一样，与Registration 相同。使用此功能的一个很好的例子是用户的个人资料，所有用户的模板都是相同的，只有用户数据会有所不同，这将作为变量传递。

为了更好地理解，请阅读：

• Switching between Frames Using the Frame tkraise() Method

• Why does Tkinter image not show up if created in a function?

• Tkinter: AttributeError: NoneType object has no attribute

• How to run tkinter function with both a key bind and a button command?

• PEP 8 -- Style Guide for Python Code | Python.org