如何在 OSX El Capitan 上安装 libxml-ruby gem 2.3.2？答案

【问题标题】：How do I install libxml-ruby gem 2.3.2 on OSX El Capitan?如何在 OSX El Capitan 上安装 libxml-ruby gem 2.3.2？
【发布时间】：2016-11-28 15:53:38
【问题描述】：

我正在尝试在运行 OS X El Capitan 的 Mac 上安装一个在 Ruby 1.8.7-p370 上运行并依赖于旧版本的 libxml-ruby 2.3.2 gem 的旧项目。

问题在于，当尝试安装 gem 时，它不会构建本机扩展。这是运行gem install libxml-ruby -v '2.3.2'时的完整错误：

Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing libxml-ruby:
    ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

        /Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/bin/ruby extconf.rb
checking for socket() in -lsocket... no
checking for gethostbyname() in -lnsl... no
checking for atan() in -lm... no
checking for atan() in -lm... yes
checking for inflate() in -lz... yes
checking for iconv_open() in -liconv... yes
checking for xmlParseDoc() in -lxml2... yes
checking for libxml/xmlversion.h... yes
creating extconf.h
creating Makefile

make
/usr/local/bin/gcc-4.2 -I. -I. -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin15.6.0 -I. -I/usr/local/include -DRUBY_EXTCONF_H=\"extconf.h\" -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/include  -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE  -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/include  -fno-common  -O3 -Wno-error=shorten-64-to-32  -pipe -fno-common  -I/usr/include/libxml2 -I. -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin15.6.0 -I. -I/usr/local/include  -c libxml.c
couldn't understand kern.osversion `15.6.0'
/usr/local/bin/gcc-4.2 -I. -I. -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin15.6.0 -I. -I/usr/local/include -DRUBY_EXTCONF_H=\"extconf.h\" -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/include  -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE  -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/include  -fno-common  -O3 -Wno-error=shorten-64-to-32  -pipe -fno-common  -I/usr/include/libxml2 -I. -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin15.6.0 -I. -I/usr/local/include  -c ruby_xml.c
couldn't understand kern.osversion `15.6.0'
/usr/local/bin/gcc-4.2 -I. -I. -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin15.6.0 -I. -I/usr/local/include -DRUBY_EXTCONF_H=\"extconf.h\" -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/include  -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE  -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/include  -fno-common  -O3 -Wno-error=shorten-64-to-32  -pipe -fno-common  -I/usr/include/libxml2 -I. -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin15.6.0 -I. -I/usr/local/include  -c ruby_xml_attr.c
couldn't understand kern.osversion `15.6.0'
/usr/local/bin/gcc-4.2 -I. -I. -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin15.6.0 -I. -I/usr/local/include -DRUBY_EXTCONF_H=\"extconf.h\" -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/include  -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE  -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/include  -fno-common  -O3 -Wno-error=shorten-64-to-32  -pipe -fno-common  -I/usr/include/libxml2 -I. -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin15.6.0 -I. -I/usr/local/include  -c ruby_xml_attr_decl.c
couldn't understand kern.osversion `15.6.0'
/usr/local/bin/gcc-4.2 -I. -I. -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin15.6.0 -I. -I/usr/local/include -DRUBY_EXTCONF_H=\"extconf.h\" -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/include  -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE  -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/include  -fno-common  -O3 -Wno-error=shorten-64-to-32  -pipe -fno-common  -I/usr/include/libxml2 -I. -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin15.6.0 -I. -I/usr/local/include  -c ruby_xml_attributes.c
couldn't understand kern.osversion `15.6.0'
/usr/local/bin/gcc-4.2 -I. -I. -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin15.6.0 -I. -I/usr/local/include -DRUBY_EXTCONF_H=\"extconf.h\" -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/include  -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE  -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/include  -fno-common  -O3 -Wno-error=shorten-64-to-32  -pipe -fno-common  -I/usr/include/libxml2 -I. -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin15.6.0 -I. -I/usr/local/include  -c ruby_xml_cbg.c
couldn't understand kern.osversion `15.6.0'
/usr/local/bin/gcc-4.2 -I. -I. -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin15.6.0 -I. -I/usr/local/include -DRUBY_EXTCONF_H=\"extconf.h\" -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/include  -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE  -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/include  -fno-common  -O3 -Wno-error=shorten-64-to-32  -pipe -fno-common  -I/usr/include/libxml2 -I. -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin15.6.0 -I. -I/usr/local/include  -c ruby_xml_document.c
couldn't understand kern.osversion `15.6.0'
ruby_xml_document.c: In function ‘rxml_document_canonicalize’:
ruby_xml_document.c:334: warning: passing argument 4 of ‘xmlC14NDocDumpMemory’ from incompatible pointer type
/usr/local/bin/gcc-4.2 -I. -I. -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin15.6.0 -I. -I/usr/local/include -DRUBY_EXTCONF_H=\"extconf.h\" -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/include  -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE  -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/include  -fno-common  -O3 -Wno-error=shorten-64-to-32  -pipe -fno-common  -I/usr/include/libxml2 -I. -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin15.6.0 -I. -I/usr/local/include  -c ruby_xml_dtd.c
couldn't understand kern.osversion `15.6.0'
/usr/local/bin/gcc-4.2 -I. -I. -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin15.6.0 -I. -I/usr/local/include -DRUBY_EXTCONF_H=\"extconf.h\" -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/include  -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE  -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/include  -fno-common  -O3 -Wno-error=shorten-64-to-32  -pipe -fno-common  -I/usr/include/libxml2 -I. -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin15.6.0 -I. -I/usr/local/include  -c ruby_xml_encoding.c
couldn't understand kern.osversion `15.6.0'
/usr/local/bin/gcc-4.2 -I. -I. -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin15.6.0 -I. -I/usr/local/include -DRUBY_EXTCONF_H=\"extconf.h\" -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/include  -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE  -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/include  -fno-common  -O3 -Wno-error=shorten-64-to-32  -pipe -fno-common  -I/usr/include/libxml2 -I. -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin15.6.0 -I. -I/usr/local/include  -c ruby_xml_error.c
couldn't understand kern.osversion `15.6.0'
/usr/local/bin/gcc-4.2 -I. -I. -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin15.6.0 -I. -I/usr/local/include -DRUBY_EXTCONF_H=\"extconf.h\" -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/include  -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE  -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/include  -fno-common  -O3 -Wno-error=shorten-64-to-32  -pipe -fno-common  -I/usr/include/libxml2 -I. -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin15.6.0 -I. -I/usr/local/include  -c ruby_xml_html_parser.c
couldn't understand kern.osversion `15.6.0'
/usr/local/bin/gcc-4.2 -I. -I. -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin15.6.0 -I. -I/usr/local/include -DRUBY_EXTCONF_H=\"extconf.h\" -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/include  -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE  -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/include  -fno-common  -O3 -Wno-error=shorten-64-to-32  -pipe -fno-common  -I/usr/include/libxml2 -I. -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin15.6.0 -I. -I/usr/local/include  -c ruby_xml_html_parser_context.c
couldn't understand kern.osversion `15.6.0'
/usr/local/bin/gcc-4.2 -I. -I. -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin15.6.0 -I. -I/usr/local/include -DRUBY_EXTCONF_H=\"extconf.h\" -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/include  -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE  -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/include  -fno-common  -O3 -Wno-error=shorten-64-to-32  -pipe -fno-common  -I/usr/include/libxml2 -I. -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin15.6.0 -I. -I/usr/local/include  -c ruby_xml_html_parser_options.c
couldn't understand kern.osversion `15.6.0'
/usr/local/bin/gcc-4.2 -I. -I. -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin15.6.0 -I. -I/usr/local/include -DRUBY_EXTCONF_H=\"extconf.h\" -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/include  -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE  -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/include  -fno-common  -O3 -Wno-error=shorten-64-to-32  -pipe -fno-common  -I/usr/include/libxml2 -I. -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin15.6.0 -I. -I/usr/local/include  -c ruby_xml_input_cbg.c
couldn't understand kern.osversion `15.6.0'
/usr/local/bin/gcc-4.2 -I. -I. -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin15.6.0 -I. -I/usr/local/include -DRUBY_EXTCONF_H=\"extconf.h\" -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/include  -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE  -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/include  -fno-common  -O3 -Wno-error=shorten-64-to-32  -pipe -fno-common  -I/usr/include/libxml2 -I. -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin15.6.0 -I. -I/usr/local/include  -c ruby_xml_io.c
couldn't understand kern.osversion `15.6.0'
/usr/local/bin/gcc-4.2 -I. -I. -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin15.6.0 -I. -I/usr/local/include -DRUBY_EXTCONF_H=\"extconf.h\" -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/include  -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE  -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/include  -fno-common  -O3 -Wno-error=shorten-64-to-32  -pipe -fno-common  -I/usr/include/libxml2 -I. -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin15.6.0 -I. -I/usr/local/include  -c ruby_xml_namespace.c
couldn't understand kern.osversion `15.6.0'
/usr/local/bin/gcc-4.2 -I. -I. -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin15.6.0 -I. -I/usr/local/include -DRUBY_EXTCONF_H=\"extconf.h\" -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/include  -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE  -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/include  -fno-common  -O3 -Wno-error=shorten-64-to-32  -pipe -fno-common  -I/usr/include/libxml2 -I. -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin15.6.0 -I. -I/usr/local/include  -c ruby_xml_namespaces.c
couldn't understand kern.osversion `15.6.0'
/usr/local/bin/gcc-4.2 -I. -I. -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin15.6.0 -I. -I/usr/local/include -DRUBY_EXTCONF_H=\"extconf.h\" -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/include  -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE  -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/include  -fno-common  -O3 -Wno-error=shorten-64-to-32  -pipe -fno-common  -I/usr/include/libxml2 -I. -I/Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/1.8/i686-darwin15.6.0 -I. -I/usr/local/include  -c ruby_xml_node.c
couldn't understand kern.osversion `15.6.0'
ruby_xml_node.c: In function ‘rxml_node_to_s’:
ruby_xml_node.c:622: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
ruby_xml_node.c:624: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
make: *** [ruby_xml_node.o] Error 1


Gem files will remain installed in /Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/libxml-ruby-2.3.2 for inspection.
Results logged to /Users/myusername/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p370/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/libxml-ruby-2.3.2/ext/libxml/gem_make.out

我已经进行了一些谷歌搜索，但到目前为止还没有找到解决问题的方法。以下是我尝试过的一些事情。

一个建议是卸载 apple-gcc 可能有效，但这让我没有编译器来构建本机扩展。

Another post suggested 这与libxml-ruby 2.3.2 与 OS X 附带的最新版本 libxml 之间的不兼容有关。但是，由于 MacOSX10.8 SDK 似乎没有随 Xcode 一起提供，因此以下内容不起作用了。还是我错过了什么？

export SDKROOT=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.8.sdk

我可以采取哪些步骤来解决这个问题？感谢您的帮助！

【问题讨论】：

标签： ruby-on-rails ruby macos gcc libxml2

【解决方案1】：

原来问题确实是由不兼容的 ruby gem 版本和安装的 libxml 版本引起的。最后，我选择更新到稍新的 gem 版本，以便正确构建。

如果您确实需要 2.3.2 版，您显然也可以手动应用以下补丁：https://github.com/xml4r/libxml-ruby/commit/1c4878f3fdcd0cdf2e0fd09a5e6147a6ed237cf0

【讨论】：