无法使用 BeautifulSoup、urllib、selenium 提取完整的 HTML

Question

我想使用网络抓取来提取有关学生住宿网站 uniplaces 列表的信息。这是一个示例列表：https://www.uniplaces.com/accommodation/berlin/92342

我想提取价格、#浴室、#室友等信息...

但是，使用我在网上找到的不同方法，我无法提取 完整 html 代码。总是缺少包含相关信息的子部分。在网站上，您可以用小箭头打开这些小节。我是 html 的新手，所以我不明白为什么不能将其拉出。

这是我尝试过的代码：

from selenium import webdriver
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument('headless')
driver= webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options,executable_path=r'path/chromedriver.exe')
driver.get('https://www.uniplaces.com/accommodation/berlin/92342')

html_doc = driver.page_source
soup= BeautifulSoup(html_doc,'lxml')
print (soup.prettify())

及其变体：

import urllib.request
fp= urllib.request.urlopen("https://www.uniplaces.com/accommodation/berlin/92342")
mybytes = fp.read()

mystr = mybytes.decode("utf8")
fp.close()

print(mystr)

如果有人可以提供帮助，我将非常感谢任何提示和技巧！

一切顺利， 汉娜

Answer 1

本网站使用内部GraphQL API 可从

访问

https://offer-aggregate-graphql.uniplaces.com/graphql

GraphQL 是一种查询语言，可让您选择要查询的字段。这对您来说非常方便，因为您可能希望按照问题中的建议访问特定信息。

以下示例查询报价、条件（包括最大人数）和住宿类型（面积、卧室和浴室数量）：

import requests

id = "92342"

query = """
    query($id: ID!) { 
        offerAggregate(id: $id) { 
            accommodation_offer {
                reference_price {
                    amount
                    currency_code
                }
                requisites {
                    conditions {
                        cancellation_policy
                        minimum_nights
                        max_guests
                    }
                }
            }
            property_aggregate {
                property {
                    typology {
                        area
                        number_of_bedrooms
                        number_of_bathrooms
                    }
                }
            }
        } 
    }
"""

resp = requests.post(
    'https://offer-aggregate-graphql.uniplaces.com/graphql', 
    json={
        "query": query,
        "variables": {
            "id": id
        }
    }
)

body = resp.json()

print(body)

您可以了解更多关于 GraphQL 查询的信息here

报价页面中使用的初始请求非常大，您只需选择要查询的字段。这是使用curl 的查询：

curl 'https://offer-aggregate-graphql.uniplaces.com/graphql' \
     -H 'content-type: application/json' \
     --data-binary '{"query":"fragment PhotosFragment on Photos {\n  id\n  hash\n  placeholder\n  metadata {\n    internal_label\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment PropertyLocationFragment on PropertyLocation {\n  neighborhood_id\n  geo {\n    latitude\n    longitude\n    __typename\n  }\n  address {\n    street\n    city_code\n    number\n    postal_code\n    extra\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment PropertyAggregateFragment on PropertyAggregate {\n  property {\n    id\n    external_reference {\n      human_reference\n      api_reference\n      __typename\n    }\n    landlord_resident {\n      gender\n      age_range\n      occupation\n      pets\n      family\n      __typename\n    }\n    features {\n      Code\n      Exists\n      __typename\n    }\n    floors {\n      units {\n        id\n        area\n        photos {\n          id\n          displayable\n          __typename\n        }\n        features {\n          Code\n          Exists\n          __typename\n        }\n        subunits {\n          id\n          type_code\n          features {\n            Code\n            Exists\n            __typename\n          }\n          photos {\n            id\n            displayable\n            __typename\n          }\n          __typename\n        }\n        type_code\n        __typename\n      }\n      __typename\n    }\n    lifecycle {\n      rent_by\n      out_of_platform {\n        out\n        __typename\n      }\n      __typename\n    }\n    location {\n      ...PropertyLocationFragment\n      __typename\n    }\n    main_features {\n      gas_type\n      __typename\n    }\n    metadata {\n      locale_code\n      text\n      main\n      __typename\n    }\n    photos {\n      id\n      displayable\n      __typename\n    }\n    restrictions {\n      occupation\n      origin\n      __typename\n    }\n    rules {\n      code\n      exists\n      __typename\n    }\n    typology {\n      area\n      accommodation_type_code\n      type_code\n      number_of_bedrooms\n      number_of_bathrooms\n      __typename\n    }\n    verification {\n      verified\n      __typename\n    }\n    video {\n      url\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  neighborhood {\n    id\n    city_code\n    slug\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment AccommodationOfferBillFragment on AccommodationOfferBill {\n  included\n  maximum {\n    ...AccommodationOfferBillMaximumFragment\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment AccommodationOfferBillMaximumFragment on AccommodationOfferBillMaximum {\n  capped\n  max {\n    amount\n    currency_code\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment AccommodationOfferCostsFragment on AccommodationOfferCosts {\n  bills {\n    maximum {\n      ...AccommodationOfferBillMaximumFragment\n      __typename\n    }\n    water {\n      ...AccommodationOfferBillFragment\n      __typename\n    }\n    electricity {\n      ...AccommodationOfferBillFragment\n      __typename\n    }\n    gas {\n      ...AccommodationOfferBillFragment\n      __typename\n    }\n    internet {\n      ...AccommodationOfferBillFragment\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  services {\n    cleaning {\n      periodicity\n      type\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment AccommodationOfferPropertyFragment on AccommodationOfferProperty {\n  unitary\n  number_of_units\n  property_id\n  unit_id\n  photos_unit_id\n  subunit_id\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment AccommodationOfferContractOptionFragment on AccommodationOfferContractOption {\n  id\n  start_date\n  end_date\n  contract_value {\n    amount\n    currency_code\n    __typename\n  }\n  instalments {\n    date\n    value {\n      amount\n      currency_code\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  number_of_instalments\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment AccommodationOfferContractStandardFragment on AccommodationOfferContractStandard {\n  extra_after\n  penalty {\n    nights_threshold\n    type\n    percentage\n    value {\n      amount\n      currency_code\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  extra_per_guest {\n    amount\n    currency_code\n    __typename\n  }\n  rents {\n    amount\n    currency_code\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment AccommodationOfferContractFragment on AccommodationOfferContract {\n  type\n  exclusive\n  is_instant_booking\n  commission\n  deposit {\n    pay_to\n    type\n    value {\n      amount\n      currency_code\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  admin_fee {\n    exact_value\n    value {\n      amount\n      currency_code\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  variable_admin_fee {\n    default_admin_fee {\n      exact_value\n      value {\n        amount\n        currency_code\n        __typename\n      }\n      __typename\n    }\n    levels {\n      exact_value\n      value {\n        amount\n        currency_code\n        __typename\n      }\n      until\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  fixed {\n    options {\n      ...AccommodationOfferContractOptionFragment\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  fixed_unitary {\n    options {\n      ...AccommodationOfferContractOptionFragment\n      __typename\n    }\n    extra_after\n    extra_per_guest {\n      amount\n      currency_code\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  standard {\n    ...AccommodationOfferContractStandardFragment\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment AccommodationOfferRequisitesFragment on AccommodationOfferRequisites {\n  requirements {\n    offline_id\n    guarantor\n    contract\n    __typename\n  }\n  conditions {\n    cancellation_policy\n    minimum_nights\n    max_guests\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment AccommodationOfferTitleFragment on AccommodationOfferTitle {\n  locale_code\n  text\n  main\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment AccommodationOfferAvailabilityFragment on AccommodationOfferAvailability {\n  standard_unitary_contract {\n    available_from\n    last_updated_at\n    __typename\n  }\n  standard_contract {\n    available_from\n    last_updated_at\n    __typename\n  }\n  fixed_contract {\n    available_from\n    last_updated_at\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment AccommodationOfferAvailabilitiesStandardFragment on AccommodationOfferAvailabilitiesStandard {\n  available_periods {\n    start_date\n    end_date\n    __typename\n  }\n  years {\n    year\n    months {\n      Jan\n      Feb\n      Mar\n      Apr\n      May\n      Jun\n      Jul\n      Aug\n      Sep\n      Oct\n      Nov\n      Dec\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment AccommodationOfferAvailabilitiesStandardUnitaryFragment on AccommodationOfferAvailabilitiesStandardUnitary {\n  available_periods {\n    start_date\n    end_date\n    __typename\n  }\n  blocked_intervals {\n    start_date\n    end_date\n    by\n    extra_info\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment AccommodationOfferAvailabilitiesFixedFragment on AccommodationOfferAvailabilitiesFixed {\n  options {\n    id\n    status\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment AccommodationOfferAvailabilitiesFragment on AccommodationOfferAvailabilities {\n  standard {\n    ...AccommodationOfferAvailabilitiesStandardFragment\n    __typename\n  }\n  standard_unitary {\n    ...AccommodationOfferAvailabilitiesStandardUnitaryFragment\n    __typename\n  }\n  fixed {\n    ...AccommodationOfferAvailabilitiesFixedFragment\n    __typename\n  }\n  fixed_unitary {\n    ...AccommodationOfferAvailabilitiesFixedFragment\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment AccommodationOfferFragment on AccommodationOffer {\n  id\n  version\n  parent\n  accommodation_provider_id\n  property {\n    ...AccommodationOfferPropertyFragment\n    __typename\n  }\n  title {\n    ...AccommodationOfferTitleFragment\n    __typename\n  }\n  costs {\n    ...AccommodationOfferCostsFragment\n    __typename\n  }\n  requisites {\n    ...AccommodationOfferRequisitesFragment\n    __typename\n  }\n  availability_summary_info {\n    ...AccommodationOfferAvailabilityFragment\n    __typename\n  }\n  availabilities {\n    ...AccommodationOfferAvailabilitiesFragment\n    __typename\n  }\n  lifecycle {\n    published {\n      published\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  restrictions {\n    gender\n    occupancy\n    __typename\n  }\n  contract {\n    ...AccommodationOfferContractFragment\n    __typename\n  }\n  floor_plan {\n    name\n    __typename\n  }\n  main_photo {\n    id\n    __typename\n  }\n  reference_price {\n    amount\n    currency_code\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment AccommodationProviderFragment on AccommodationProvider {\n  id\n  booking {\n    gap_on_booking {\n      soft_maximum\n      hard_maximum\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  verifications {\n    email_address\n    phone\n    offline_id\n    __typename\n  }\n  basic_info {\n    preference_settings {\n      locale_code\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  account_management {\n    key_account\n    __typename\n  }\n  stats {\n    bookings {\n      accepted {\n        total\n        __typename\n      }\n      requested {\n        total\n        __typename\n      }\n      rejected {\n        total\n        __typename\n      }\n      confirmed {\n        total\n        __typename\n      }\n      __typename\n    }\n    response_time\n    __typename\n  }\n  created {\n    at\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment GlobalizationCityFragment on GlobalizationCity {\n  code\n  configuration {\n    slug\n    __typename\n  }\n  metadata {\n    name_translations {\n      locale_code\n      text\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment GlobalizationCountryFragment on GlobalizationCountry {\n  code\n  metadata {\n    name_translations {\n      locale_code\n      text\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment GlobalizationAggregateFragment on GlobalizationAggregate {\n  city {\n    ...GlobalizationCityFragment\n    __typename\n  }\n  country {\n    ...GlobalizationCountryFragment\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nquery offerAggregate($id: ID!, $useCache: Boolean) {\n  offerAggregate(id: $id, useCache: $useCache) {\n    id\n    units_sorted {\n      unit_id\n      __typename\n    }\n    photos {\n      ...PhotosFragment\n      __typename\n    }\n    property_aggregate {\n      ...PropertyAggregateFragment\n      __typename\n    }\n    accommodation_offer {\n      ...AccommodationOfferFragment\n      __typename\n    }\n    accommodation_provider {\n      ...AccommodationProviderFragment\n      __typename\n    }\n    globalization_aggregate {\n      ...GlobalizationAggregateFragment\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n}\n","variables":{"id":"92342"},"operationName":"offerAggregate"}'