openSSL 使用 CA 签署 https_client 证书

Question

我需要：

• 创建 CA 证书
• 创建 https_client-certificate
• 由 CA 签署 https_client-certificate

通过使用 Linux 上的命令行 - openSUSE。我创建 CA 证书：

 # openssl genrsa -out rootCA.key 2048
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
..........................................................+++
....................+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
 # openssl req -x509 -new -nodes -key rootCA.key -days 3650 -out rootCA.pem
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:AA
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:A
Locality Name (eg, city) []:A
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:A
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:A
Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []:A
Email Address []:A
 #

工作正常。然后我创建 https_client-certificate:

 # openssl genrsa -out client1.key 2048
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
............................+++
.............................................+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
 #
 # openssl req -x509 -new -nodes -key client1.key -days 3650 -out client1.pem
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:BB
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:B
Locality Name (eg, city) []:B
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:B
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:B
Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []:B
Email Address []:B
 #

工作正常。现在，当我尝试使用 CA 签署 https_client-certificate 时，我在这里遇到了一些错误：

 # openssl ca -in client1.pem -out client11.pem
Using configuration from /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf
Error opening CA private key ./demoCA/private/cakey.pem
139667082016400:error:02001002:system library:fopen:No such file or directory:bss_file.c:404:fopen('./demoCA/private/cakey.pem','re')
139667082016400:error:20074002:BIO routines:FILE_CTRL:system lib:bss_file.c:406:
unable to load CA private key
 #

我已经试过了：

• 使用绝对路径 ("Error opening CA private key" on Windows)

但对我来说没有成功。我在某处读到，特定输入的属性需要与在 CA-creation 中输入的属性相同，但至少在使用 XCA-Tool 在 Windows 上创建证书时，这是不正确的。我可以输入完全不同的东西，只要我用 CA 签名就可以使用它。有人能帮我吗？

更新： 我只使用 .key 和 .pem 因为这适用于我在 Windows 上使用 XCA-Tool ...我实际上正在阅读 openSSL Cookbook (https://www.feistyduck.com/library/openssl-cookbook/online/ch-openssl.html) 以查看我是否做错了什么。首先想到，我是否必须使用 .csr 来签署证书，或者我也可以使用任何其他格式吗？

Answer 1

您正在使用“openssl ca”工具，该工具默认使用以下配置文件：/etc/ssl/openssl.cnf。换句话说，您没有尝试使用 CA 证书进行签名，而是使用该配置文件中的默认值。您还将 -x509 参数传递给导致无效 csr 的客户端证书签名请求。

请在下方找到工作生成和签名命令。

生成 CA 密钥和证书：

openssl genrsa -out rootCA.key 2048
openssl req -x509 -new -key rootCA.key -days 3650 -out rootCA.pem \
-subj '/C=AA/ST=AA/L=AA/O=AA Ltd/OU=AA/CN=AA/emailAddress=aa@aa.com'

生成客户端密钥和 csr：

openssl genrsa -out client1.key 2048
openssl req -new -key client1.key -out client1.csr \
-subj '/C=BB/ST=BB/L=BB/O=BB Ltd/OU=BB/CN=BB/emailAddress=bb@bb.com'

生成用 CA 证书签名的客户端证书：

openssl x509 -req -days 365 -CA rootCA.pem -CAkey rootCA.key \
-CAcreateserial -CAserial serial -in client1.csr -out client1.pem

当然，您可以将配置文件设置为使用正确的 CA 文件，然后使用“openssl ca”工具。

您可以像这样验证您的证书：

openssl verify -verbose -CAfile rootCA.pem client1.pem