SharpDX 2D 的 DirectX 2d WinForm 设置

Question

我对 DirectX 很陌生，我一直在尝试学习本教程，但它并没有真正解释这些对象是什么，我希望将来能够将它与 WinForms 或 WPF 一起使用，但我不知道如何设置用于 2d 绘图的设备。有人介意告诉我你是这样做的吗？我尝试了这个，但是当设置变量 d2dTarget 时，我得到了一个 sharpdx 异常。

using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.ComponentModel;
using SharpDX;
using SharpDX.DXGI;
using SharpDX.Direct3D;
using SharpDX.Direct3D11;
using SharpDX.Direct2D1;

namespace SharpDX_Tester
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        SharpDX.Direct3D11.Device device;
        SharpDX.Direct3D11.DeviceContext1 d3dContext;
        SharpDX.Direct2D1.DeviceContext d2dContext;
        RenderTargetView targetView;
        SwapChain swapChain;
        Texture2D target;

        Bitmap1 d2dTarget;

        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();


            SharpDX.Direct3D11.Device defaultDevice = new SharpDX.Direct3D11.Device(DriverType.Hardware, DeviceCreationFlags.Debug | DeviceCreationFlags.BgraSupport);

            device = defaultDevice.QueryInterface<SharpDX.Direct3D11.Device1>();
            
            d3dContext = device.ImmediateContext.QueryInterface<SharpDX.Direct3D11.DeviceContext1>();

            SharpDX.DXGI.Device2 dxgiDevice2 = device.QueryInterface<SharpDX.DXGI.Device2>();
            SharpDX.DXGI.Adapter dxgiAdapter = dxgiDevice2.Adapter;
            SharpDX.DXGI.Factory2 dxgiFactory2 = dxgiAdapter.GetParent<SharpDX.DXGI.Factory2>();
            SharpDX.Direct2D1.Device d2dDevice = new SharpDX.Direct2D1.Device(dxgiDevice2);
            d2dContext = new SharpDX.Direct2D1.DeviceContext(d2dDevice, SharpDX.Direct2D1.DeviceContextOptions.None);

            var scd = new SwapChainDescription()
            {
                BufferCount = 1,
                Flags = SwapChainFlags.None,
                IsWindowed = true, //WINDOWS
                ModeDescription = new ModeDescription(panel1.ClientSize.Width, panel1.ClientSize.Height, new Rational(60, 1), Format.R8G8B8A8_UNorm),
                OutputHandle = panel1.Handle/*<-Impotant*/,
                SampleDescription = new SampleDescription(1, 0),
                SwapEffect = SwapEffect.Discard,
                Usage = Usage.RenderTargetOutput
            };
            SharpDX.Direct3D11.Device.CreateWithSwapChain(SharpDX.Direct3D.DriverType.Hardware, DeviceCreationFlags.Debug, scd, out device, out swapChain);

            BitmapProperties1 properties = new BitmapProperties1(new PixelFormat(SharpDX.DXGI.Format.B8G8R8A8_UNorm, SharpDX.Direct2D1.AlphaMode.Premultiplied));
            Surface backBuffer = swapChain.GetBackBuffer<Surface>(0);
            d2dTarget = new Bitmap1(d2dContext, backBuffer, properties);

            /* IGNORE THIS
            target = Texture2D.FromSwapChain<Texture2D>(sc, 0);
            targetView = new RenderTargetView(device, target);
            device.ImmediateContext.OutputMerger.SetRenderTargets(targetView);
            */
        }
    }
    ```

Answer 1

如果您不了解/不了解 DirectX、DXGI、Direct2D，就无法真正使用 SharpDX。您还谈到“未来”，但 SharpDX 两年后不再活跃https://github.com/sharpdx/SharpDX。

你的代码有两个问题：

• 您重新创建一个设备（带有交换链）并使用第一个设备的 D2D 设备上下文
• 创建位图时不需要指定属性，它们是底层 DXGI 表面的隐含属性

这是一个应该可以工作的代码：

// create D3D device & (DXGI) swap chain
var scd = new SwapChainDescription()
{
    BufferCount = 1,
    Flags = SwapChainFlags.None,
    IsWindowed = true,
    ModeDescription = new ModeDescription(panel1.ClientSize.Width, panel1.ClientSize.Height, new Rational(60, 1), Format.R8G8B8A8_UNorm),
    OutputHandle = panel1.Handle, // make sure this is not IntPtr.Zero
    SampleDescription = new SampleDescription(1, 0),
    SwapEffect = SwapEffect.Discard,
    Usage = Usage.RenderTargetOutput
};

SharpDX.Direct3D11.Device.CreateWithSwapChain(
    DriverType.Hardware,
    DeviceCreationFlags.Debug | DeviceCreationFlags.BgraSupport,
    scd,
    out device,
    out swapChain);

// get swap chain backbuffer
var backBuffer = swapChain.GetBackBuffer<Surface>(0);

// create DXGI & D2D devices context
var dxgiDevice = device.QueryInterface<SharpDX.DXGI.Device2>();
var d2dDevice = new SharpDX.Direct2D1.Device(dxgiDevice);
d2dContext = new SharpDX.Direct2D1.DeviceContext(
    d2dDevice,
    DeviceContextOptions.None);

// create target
d2dTarget = new Bitmap1(d2dContext, backBuffer);