Scrapy：使用 CloudFlare 抓取网站时出现 503 错误

Question

使用 scrapy 抓取网站时，我立即收到 503 Service Unavailable 作为错误消息（甚至无法开始抓取任何项目）。找到这个帖子后：

How to bypass cloudflare bot/ddos protection in Scrapy?

我认为问题出在 CloudFlare，因此我添加了以下代码，该代码使用来自我的 Spider 答案之一的 cfscrape：

def start_requests(self):
    cf_requests = []
    for url in self.start_urls:
        token, agent = cfscrape.get_tokens(url, USER_AGENT)
        #token, agent = cfscrape.get_tokens(url)
        cf_requests.append(scrapy.Request(url=url, cookies={'__cfduid': token['__cfduid']}, headers={'User-Agent': agent}))
        print "useragent in cfrequest: " , agent
        print "token in cfrequest: ", token
    return cf_requests

查看输出，似乎这个解决方法确实在执行 CloudFlare 用于 ddos​​ 保护的 javascript，但之后它仍然给我 503 错误。这是调试输出：

2015-11-04 23:07:12 [scrapy] INFO: Scrapy 1.0.3 started (bot: forumscrape)
2015-11-04 23:07:12 [scrapy] INFO: Optional features available: ssl, http11, boto
2015-11-04 23:07:12 [scrapy] INFO: Overridden settings: {'NEWSPIDER_MODULE': 'forumscrape.spiders', 'CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN': 1, 'CONCURRENT_REQUESTS': 1, 'SPIDER_MODULES': ['forumscrape.spiders'], 'CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP': 1, 'BOT_NAME': 'forumscrape', 'COOKIES_ENABLED': False, 'DOWNLOAD_DELAY': 1}
2015-11-04 23:07:12 [scrapy] INFO: Enabled extensions: CloseSpider, TelnetConsole, LogStats, CoreStats, SpiderState
2015-11-04 23:07:13 [scrapy] INFO: Enabled downloader middlewares: HttpAuthMiddleware, DownloadTimeoutMiddleware, UserAgentMiddleware, RetryMiddleware, DefaultHeadersMiddleware, MetaRefreshMiddleware, HttpCompressionMiddleware, RedirectMiddleware, ChunkedTransferMiddleware, DownloaderStats
2015-11-04 23:07:13 [scrapy] INFO: Enabled spider middlewares: HttpErrorMiddleware, OffsiteMiddleware, RefererMiddleware, UrlLengthMiddleware, DepthMiddleware
2015-11-04 23:07:13 [scrapy] INFO: Enabled item pipelines:
2015-11-04 23:07:13 [requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool] INFO: Starting new HTTP connection (1): sampleforum.com
2015-11-04 23:07:13 [requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool] DEBUG: "GET /forumdisplay.php?29-Chat HTTP/1.1" 503 None
2015-11-04 23:07:18 [requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool] INFO: Starting new HTTP connection (1): sampleforum.com
2015-11-04 23:07:18 [requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool] DEBUG: "GET /cdn-cgi/l/chk_jschl?jschl_answer=-8011&jschl_vc=6b1abd999393b114b8eea35ff2be9e55&pass=1446696428.397-J92apQZ8k3 HTTP/1.1" 302 165
2015-11-04 23:07:18 [requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool] DEBUG: "GET /forumdisplay.php?29-Chat HTTP/1.1" 200 21403
useragent in cfrequest:  Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:41.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/41.0
token in cfrequest:  {'cf_clearance': '037ab6c531be7e6fa6c3d0a98c988f57d17fd781-1446696429-604800', '__cfduid': 'd2635be16360da698f9dd07e4929690ed1446696424'}
2015-11-04 23:07:18 [scrapy] INFO: Spider opened
2015-11-04 23:07:18 [scrapy] INFO: Crawled 0 pages (at 0 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2015-11-04 23:07:18 [scrapy] DEBUG: Telnet console listening on 127.0.0.1:6023
2015-11-04 23:07:18 [scrapy] DEBUG: Retrying <GET http://sampleforum.com/forumdisplay.php?29-Chat> (failed 1 times): 503 Service Unavailable
2015-11-04 23:07:20 [scrapy] DEBUG: Retrying <GET http://sampleforum.com/forumdisplay.php?29-Chat> (failed 2 times): 503 Service Unavailable
2015-11-04 23:07:21 [scrapy] DEBUG: Gave up retrying <GET http://sampleforum.com/forumdisplay.php?29-Chat> (failed 3 times): 503 Service Unavailable
2015-11-04 23:07:21 [scrapy] DEBUG: Crawled (503) <GET http://sampleforum.com/forumdisplay.php?29-Chat> (referer: None)
2015-11-04 23:07:21 [scrapy] DEBUG: Ignoring response <503 http://sampleforum.com/forumdisplay.php?29-Chat>: HTTP status code is not handled or not allowed
2015-11-04 23:07:21 [scrapy] INFO: Closing spider (finished)
2015-11-04 23:07:21 [scrapy] INFO: Dumping Scrapy stats:
{'downloader/request_bytes': 828,
 downloader/request_count': 3,
'downloader/request_method_count/GET': 3,
 'downloader/response_bytes': 14276, 'downloader/response_count': 3, 'downloader/response_status_count/503': 3,
'finish_reason': 'finished',
'finish_time': datetime.datetime(2015, 11, 5, 4, 7, 21, 363000),
'log_count/DEBUG': 9,
'log_count/INFO': 9,
'response_received_count': 1,
'scheduler/dequeued': 3,
'scheduler/dequeued/memory': 3,
'scheduler/enqueued': 3,
'scheduler/enqueued/memory': 3,
'start_time': datetime.datetime(2015, 11, 5, 4, 7, 18, 755000)}
2015-11-04 23:07:21 [scrapy] INFO: Spider closed (finished)

该网站在我的浏览器中加载良好（使用相同的用户代理）。我正在运行类似抓取的其他网站（只是拾取一些文本）正在运行。我得到503还有其他原因吗？任何帮助将不胜感激。

我相信这条线：DEBUG: "GET /cdn-cgi/l/chk_jschl?jschl_answer=23986&jschl_vc=2e88b65c8bcf26f39b980de3d5b198ea&pass=1446698472.387-F9OS39Peei HTTP/1.1" 302 165 表明正在执行 cloudflare javascript 检查，所以可能是除此之外的原因导致 503？

Answer 1

您可以尝试使用 splash 来避免 cloudflare。