Rspec和rails问题

Question

我对 rspec 和 rails 有一些奇怪的问题。所以我有模型测试：

require 'spec_helper'

describe User do
  before(:each) do
    @attr = { name: "johnkowalski", fullname: "John Kowalski", 
      email: "kowalski@example.com", password: "foobar" }
  end

  describe "Create a user" do

    it "test1" do
      User.create!(@attr)
    end

    it "test2" do
      User.create!(@attr)
    end

    it "test3" do
      User.create!(@attr)
      @p = { name: "testowy", fullname: "John Kowalski", 
      email: "kowalski@example.com", password: "foobar" }
      a = User.new(@p)
      a.should_not be_valid
    end

    it "test4" do
      User.create!(@attr)
    end
  end
end

它通过没有问题，但是当我添加一些集成测试时：

require 'spec_helper'

describe "Users" do
  describe "signup" do
    describe "failure" do
      it "should not make a new user" do
        lambda do
          visit signup_path
          fill_in "Name", with: ""
          fill_in "Full name", with: ""
          fill_in "Email", with: ""
          fill_in "Password", with: ""
          click_button
          response.should render_template("users/new")
          response.should have_selector("div#error_explanation")
        end.should_not change(User, :count)
      end
    end
  end
end

我有失败：

Failures:

  1) Users signup failure should not make a new user
     Failure/Error: visit signup_path
     AbstractController::ActionNotFound:
       The action 'new' could not be found for UsersController
     # ./spec/requests/users_spec.rb:8:in `block (5 levels) in <top (required)>'
     # ./spec/requests/users_spec.rb:7:in `block (4 levels) in <top (required)>'

  2) User Create a user test4
     Failure/Error: User.create!(@attr)
     ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid:
       Validation failed: Email has already been taken
     # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:28:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'

Finished in 0.77216 seconds
5 examples, 2 failures

第一次失败很明显（我的控制器是空的）但为什么第二次发生？另外，如果我进行了通过的集成测试，则模型测试也通过了。我使用 rails 3.1.0.rc5 和 rspec 2.6.4。即使当我评论 a.should_not be_valid 行时，它也可以工作。完全看不懂。

编辑： 我知道这是验证问题，但为什么 test4 在此示例中有效：

require 'spec_helper'

describe User do
  before(:each) do
    @attr = { name: "johnkowalski", fullname: "John Kowalski", 
      email: "kowalski@example.com", password: "foobar" }
  end

  describe "Create a user" do

    it "test1" do
      User.create!(@attr)
    end

    it "test2" do
      User.create!(@attr)
    end

    it "test3" do
      User.create!(@attr)
      @p = { name: "testowy", fullname: "John Kowalski", 
      email: "kowalski@example.com", password: "foobar" }
      a = User.new(@p)
      a.should_not be_valid
    end

    it "test4" do
      User.count.should == 0
    end
    it "test5" do
      User.create!(@attr)
    end
  end
end

用户.rb：

class User < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_secure_password

  email_regex = /\A[\w+\-.]+@[a-z\d\-.]+\.[a-z]+\z/i
  validates :name, presence: true, length: { maximum: 20 },
            uniqueness: { case_sensitive: false }
  validates :fullname, presence: true, length: { maximum: 30 }
  validates :email, format: { with: email_regex },
            uniqueness: { case_sensitive: false }, length: { maximum: 30 }
  validates :password, length: { in: 5..25 }

end

我找到了这些事情发生的原因。所以当我只运行模型测试时，我在日志中有类似的东西：

 (0.0ms)  RELEASE SAVEPOINT active_record_1
   (0.1ms)  SELECT 1 FROM "users" WHERE LOWER("users"."name") = LOWER('testowy') LIMIT 1
   (0.1ms)  SELECT 1 FROM "users" WHERE LOWER("users"."email") = LOWER('kowalski@example.com') LIMIT 1
   (0.1ms)  SELECT COUNT(*) FROM "users" 
   (0.1ms)  SAVEPOINT active_record_1
   (0.1ms)  SELECT 1 FROM "users" WHERE LOWER("users"."name") = LOWER('johnkowalski') LIMIT 1
   (0.1ms)  SELECT 1 FROM "users" WHERE LOWER("users"."email") = LOWER('kowalski@example.com') LIMIT 1
  SQL (0.3ms)  INSERT INTO "users" ("created_at", "email", "fullname", "name", "password_digest", "updated_at") VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)  [["created_at", Thu, 28 Jul 2011 13:09:48 UTC +00:00], ["email", "kowalski@example.com"], ["fullname", "John Kowalski"], ["name", "johnkowalski"], ["password_digest", "$2a$10$e1.3fifGcs7PALH1o0GQJ.Ny/QxCS9fRxDJ6NemGkwfFJCpsD51vy"], ["updated_at", Thu, 28 Jul 2011 13:09:48 UTC +00:00]]
   (0.0ms)  RELEASE SAVEPOINT active_record_1

但是当我运行这些测试和集成测试时，我在日志中发现了这一点：

 (0.1ms)  SELECT 1 FROM "users" WHERE LOWER("users"."email") = LOWER('kowalski@example.com') LIMIT 1
   (0.1ms)  SELECT COUNT(*) FROM "users" 
   (0.1ms)  SAVEPOINT active_record_1
   (0.1ms)  SELECT 1 FROM "users" WHERE LOWER("users"."name") = LOWER('johnkowalski') LIMIT 1
  CACHE (0.0ms)  SELECT 1 FROM "users" WHERE LOWER("users"."email") = LOWER('kowalski@example.com') LIMIT 1
   (0.0ms)  ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT active_record_1

所以用户对象是从内存而不是从数据库中获取的。但默认情况下，缓存在测试环境中被禁用，我有 config.action_controller.perform_caching = false 在环境/test.rb

在这种情况下如何禁用缓存？

Answer 1

总是很难猜测你对 rspec 了解多少，所以也许这一切你都非常了解。

但是：您确定您的spec_helper.rb 中有以下行：

config.use_transactional_fixtures = true

这将确保在每次测试后发布所有创建的模型。请注意，before(:each) 中的所有内容都发生在事务中（并且被回滚），而 before(:all) 中的内容不会（并且需要在 after(all) 中进行清理。

因此，如果您使用事务性固定装置，User.count == 0 实际上是正常的，因为所有创建都会回滚。

此外，在同一级别上创建用户四次也没有用，因为结果会（通常是相同的）。

其次，由于您似乎正在测试您的验证，我建议您看一下 shoulda，它提供了不错的快捷方式。例如。像

it { should validate_uniqueness_of :email }