【发布时间】:2015-10-14 23:59:25
【问题描述】:
我遇到了嵌套在 for 循环中的 while 循环的问题。它在 for 循环的第一次迭代中完美执行,但 for 循环随后在所有其他迭代中跳过 while 循环。
我正在尝试为 for 循环的每次迭代填充一个列表 nsteps_list,其中包含 while 循环执行的次数 nsteps。预期的答案将类似于 List = [17, 16, 16, 14, 15, 13, 12, 15...],但所发生的只是 List = [17, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ...]
此处循环代码:
# Bisection Method
minn = np.arange(.00001, .001, 0.00005)
nsteps_list = [0.0] * (len(minn)) # Rewrite each index with nsteps as iterating through
nsteps = 0
for i in range(0, len(minn) - 1):
while math.fabs(fx_2) > minn[i]:
if fx_2 > 0:
x_3 = x_2
print "UPDATE: x_3 = " + str(x_2)
elif fx_2 < 0:
x_1 = x_2
print "UPDATE: x_1 = " + str(x_2)
x_2 = 0.5 * (x_1 + x_3)
fx_2 = func(x_2)
nsteps += 1
print nsteps
nsteps_list[i] = nsteps
nsteps = 0
print "List: " + str(nsteps_list)
我从实验中知道,它可以很好地遍历 for 循环,但它无法返回到 while 循环,因此 nsteps 重置为 0 永远不会改变,我的列表充满了 0。
这是完整的代码,在上下文中:
#!/usr/bin/python
import matplotlib.pylab as plt
import numpy as np
import math
# Parabola = 3x^2-9x+2 ==> Has minimum and 2 real roots
def func(n): # Defining function to get f(x) for each x for parabola
a = 3
b = -9
c = 2
fx = a * n * n + b * n + c
return fx
# Calling parabola function on values in x
x = np.arange(-2.0, 4.0, 0.2)
y = func(x)
plt.figure(1)
plt.plot(x, y)
plt.plot(x, x * 0)
# Declare Variables for bisection method
x_1 = 2.0
x_3 = 3.0
x_2 = 0.5 * (x_1 + x_3)
fx_1 = func(x_1)
fx_2 = func(x_2)
fx_3 = func(x_3)
if fx_1 >= 0:
print "Warning: Variable x_1 not initialised correctly."
if fx_3 <= 0:
print "Warning: Variable x_3 not initialised correctly."
# Bisection Method
minn = np.arange(.00001, .001, 0.00005)
nsteps_list = [0.0] * (len(minn)) # Rewrite each index with nsteps as iterating through
nsteps = 0
for i in range(0, len(minn) - 1):
while math.fabs(fx_2) > minn[i]:
if fx_2 > 0:
x_3 = x_2
print "UPDATE: x_3 = " + str(x_2)
elif fx_2 < 0:
x_1 = x_2
print "UPDATE: x_1 = " + str(x_2)
x_2 = 0.5 * (x_1 + x_3)
fx_2 = func(x_2)
nsteps += 1
print nsteps
nsteps_list[i] = nsteps
nsteps = 0
print "List: " + str(nsteps_list)
print "x_2 = " + str(x_2) + " and f(x_2) = " + str(fx_2) + "."
plt.figure(2)
plt.plot(np.log10(minn), nsteps_list)
plt.figure(1)
plt.plot(x_2, fx_2, "mo")
plt.show()
所以我需要这个数组根据对应的 minn 值的对数绘制图表。有什么想法吗?
【问题讨论】:
-
简短回答:因为
math.fabs(fx_2) > minn[i]在第一次迭代后不成立。 -
我认为很多初始化(例如
x_3 = 3等)必须发生在 in for 循环中,就在 while 循环之前,以便在每次迭代for循环开始的情况被重新设置。但也许我误解了程序的概念。如果没有详细解释这将完成什么,很难猜测。 -
非常感谢,这是我错过的。现在完美运行。
标签: python loops for-loop while-loop