如何重置emacs以utf-8-unix字符编码保存文件？

Question

我有问题。我发现 emacs 最近停止使用默认字符集“utf-8-unix”保存我的所有新文件。 我不明白我做了什么，但是当我打开一个文件时，在迷你缓冲区上方我看到“--:---”而不是“-U:---”，其中“U”表示文件以 utf-8-unix 字符集保存。 如何重置 emacs 以将文件保存在正确的编码系统中？？？

Answer 1

这是我的设置：

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ENCODING ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;; C-h C RET
;; M-x describe-current-coding-system

(add-to-list 'file-coding-system-alist '("\\.tex" . utf-8-unix) )
(add-to-list 'file-coding-system-alist '("\\.txt" . utf-8-unix) )
(add-to-list 'file-coding-system-alist '("\\.el" . utf-8-unix) )
(add-to-list 'file-coding-system-alist '("\\.scratch" . utf-8-unix) )
(add-to-list 'file-coding-system-alist '("user_prefs" . utf-8-unix) )

(add-to-list 'process-coding-system-alist '("\\.txt" . utf-8-unix) )

(add-to-list 'network-coding-system-alist '("\\.txt" . utf-8-unix) )

(prefer-coding-system 'utf-8-unix)
(set-default-coding-systems 'utf-8-unix)
(set-terminal-coding-system 'utf-8-unix)
(set-keyboard-coding-system 'utf-8-unix)
(set-selection-coding-system 'utf-8-unix)
(setq-default buffer-file-coding-system 'utf-8-unix)

;; Treat clipboard input as UTF-8 string first; compound text next, etc.
(setq x-select-request-type '(UTF8_STRING COMPOUND_TEXT TEXT STRING))

;; mnemonic for utf-8 is "U", which is defined in the mule.el
(setq eol-mnemonic-dos ":CRLF")
(setq eol-mnemonic-mac ":CR")
(setq eol-mnemonic-undecided ":?")
(setq eol-mnemonic-unix ":LF")

(defalias 'read-buffer-file-coding-system 'lawlist-read-buffer-file-coding-system)
(defun lawlist-read-buffer-file-coding-system ()
  (let* ((bcss (find-coding-systems-region (point-min) (point-max)))
         (css-table
          (unless (equal bcss '(undecided))
            (append '("dos" "unix" "mac")
                    (delq nil (mapcar (lambda (cs)
                                        (if (memq (coding-system-base cs) bcss)
                                            (symbol-name cs)))
                                      coding-system-list)))))
         (combined-table
          (if css-table
              (completion-table-in-turn css-table coding-system-alist)
            coding-system-alist))
         (auto-cs
          (unless find-file-literally
            (save-excursion
              (save-restriction
                (widen)
                (goto-char (point-min))
                (funcall set-auto-coding-function
                         (or buffer-file-name "") (buffer-size))))))
         (preferred 'utf-8-unix)
         (default 'utf-8-unix)
         (completion-ignore-case t)
         (completion-pcm--delim-wild-regex ; Let "u8" complete to "utf-8".
          (concat completion-pcm--delim-wild-regex
                  "\\|\\([[:alpha:]]\\)[[:digit:]]"))
         (cs (completing-read
              (format "Coding system for saving file (default %s): " default)
              combined-table
              nil t nil 'coding-system-history
              (if default (symbol-name default)))))
    (unless (zerop (length cs)) (intern cs))))

Answer 2

出于某种原因，Windows 开始将我的 init.el 文件解释为以非 UTF-8 编码，并被“ö”和“§”等字符阻塞。解决方案是在文件开头添加一行; -*- coding: utf-8 -*-。

为了确保在每种情况下都使用 UTF-8，我在 init.el 中有以下几行：

;; Use UTF-8 for all character encoding.
(set-language-environment 'utf-8)
(set-default-coding-systems 'utf-8)
(set-selection-coding-system 'utf-8)
(set-locale-environment "en.UTF-8")
(prefer-coding-system 'utf-8)
(setq utf-translate-cjk-mode nil) ; disable CJK coding/encoding

Answer 3

要恢复所描述的旧行为，请尝试添加

(set-language-environment "UTF-8")

到您的.emacs 启动文件。