Emacs 警告加载“.../.emacs.el”时出错：答案

【问题标题】：Emacs Warning An error occurred while loading `.../.emacs.el':Emacs 警告加载“.../.emacs.el”时出错：
【发布时间】：2014-07-10 03:02:05
【问题描述】：

在 emacs 中编辑 .emacs.el 时，我运行了 Alt + X eval-buffer 命令。我的操作系统是windows。当我重新启动 emacs 时，它会显示以下警告：

警告（初始化）：加载时出错 `.../.emacs.el'：

错误：用于 Unicode 转义的非十六进制数字

为确保正常运行，您应该调查并删除初始化文件中的错误原因。使用以下命令启动 Emacs `--debug-init' 选项来查看完整的错误回溯。

.emacs.el 是：

;;Open all fine in one running instance
;;Ref:http://www.johndcook.com/blog/2010/07/28/miscellaneous-emacs-adventures/
;;(server-start)

;;TEST
(custom-set-variables
 ;; custom-set-variables was added by Custom.
 ;; If you edit it by hand, you could mess it up, so be careful.
 ;; Your init file should contain only one such instance.
 ;; If there is more than one, they won't work right.
 `(ansi-color-names-vector ["#242424" "#e5786d" "#95e454" "#cae682" "#8ac6f2" "#333366" "#ccaa8f" "#f6f3e8"])
 `(custom-enabled-themes (quote (wheatgrass))))
(custom-set-faces
 ;; custom-set-faces was added by Custom.
 ;; If you edit it by hand, you could mess it up, so be careful.
 ;; Your init file should contain only one such instance.
 ;; If there is more than one, they won't work right.
 )

;;Set auto save backup location, failed with following warning
(setq backup-directory-alist
    `((".*" . ,"D:\Unix-Tmp")))
(setq auto-save-file-name-transforms
    `((".*" ,"D:\Unix-Tmp" t)))

(require 'recentf)
(recentf-mode 1)

(setq inhibit-startup-screen t)

(put 'upcase-region 'disabled nil)
(put 'downcase-region 'disabled nil)

;;Aspell install failed
;;(setq-default ispell-program-name "C:/bin/Aspell/bin/aspell.exe")
;;(setq text-mode-hook '(lambda() (flyspell-mode t) ))

我该如何解决？

【问题讨论】：

标签： unix emacs elisp

【解决方案1】：

问题在于以下几行：

(setq backup-directory-alist
    `((".*" . ,"D:\Unix-Tmp")))
(setq auto-save-file-name-transforms
    `((".*" ,"D:\Unix-Tmp" t)))

\U 引入了 unicode 转义 ... 并且必须后跟十六进制数字。

您实际上想要的是文字反斜杠字符，因此您需要对其进行转义；即

(setq backup-directory-alist
    `((".*" . ,"D:\\Unix-Tmp")))
(setq auto-save-file-name-transforms
    `((".*" ,"D:\\Unix-Tmp" t)))

参考：http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_node/elisp/Basic-Char-Syntax.html#Basic-Char-Syntax

更新

但是，这似乎会导致另一个问题。一个更好的解决方案是按照@Stefan 的建议去做。使用“/”而不是“\”作为路径名分隔符。（它应该甚至在 Windows 上也能工作......）

【讨论】：

谢谢斯蒂芬。我试过你的解决方案。但它会引发以下错误：Loading d:/git_root_tfs/WorkStation/Unix-Home/.recentf...done 清理最近的列表...完成（0 已删除）有关 GNU Emacs 和 GNU 系统的信息，请键入 C-h C-a . make-auto-save-file-name: 在替换文本中无效使用 `\'
我已将路径更改为 D:\Tmp-Unix。有用。非常感谢

【解决方案2】：

错误是由 D:\Unix-Tmp 引起的，正如 Stephen 所说，\U 引入了 unicode 转义。

但是当我改为：

(setq backup-directory-alist
    `((".*" . ,"D:\\Unix-Tmp")))
(setq auto-save-file-name-transforms
    `((".*" ,"D:\\Unix-Tmp" t)))

它会抛出另一个：

正在加载 d:/git_root_tfs/WorkStation/Unix-Home/.recentf...完成清理 up the recentf list...done (0 删除) 关于 GNU Emacs 的信息和 GNU 系统，键入 C-h C-a。制作自动保存文件名：无效在替换文本中使用“\”

最后我把路径改成 D:\Tmp-Unix 就可以了。

(setq backup-directory-alist
    `((".*" . ,"D:\Tmp-Unix")))
(setq auto-save-file-name-transforms
    `((".*" ,"D:\Tmp-Unix" t)))

.eamcs.el 总数为

;;Open all fine in one running instance
;;Ref:http://www.johndcook.com/blog/2010/07/28/miscellaneous-emacs-adventures/
;;(server-start)

;;TEST
(custom-set-variables
 ;; custom-set-variables was added by Custom.
 ;; If you edit it by hand, you could mess it up, so be careful.
 ;; Your init file should contain only one such instance.
 ;; If there is more than one, they won't work right.
 `(ansi-color-names-vector ["#242424" "#e5786d" "#95e454" "#cae682" "#8ac6f2" "#333366" "#ccaa8f" "#f6f3e8"])
 `(custom-enabled-themes (quote (wheatgrass))))
(custom-set-faces
 ;; custom-set-faces was added by Custom.
 ;; If you edit it by hand, you could mess it up, so be careful.
 ;; Your init file should contain only one such instance.
 ;; If there is more than one, they won't work right.
 )

;;Set auto save backup location, failed with following warning
(setq backup-directory-alist
    `((".*" . ,"D:\Tmp-Unix")))
(setq auto-save-file-name-transforms
    `((".*" ,"D:\Tmp-Unix" t)))

(require 'recentf)
(recentf-mode 1)

(setq inhibit-startup-screen t)

(put 'upcase-region 'disabled nil)
(put 'downcase-region 'disabled nil)

;;Aspell install failed
;;(setq-default ispell-program-name "C:/bin/Aspell/bin/aspell.exe")
;;(setq text-mode-hook '(lambda() (flyspell-mode t) ))

【讨论】：

【解决方案3】：

在 Emacs 中，始终使用 forward 斜杠而不是 backward 斜杠作为文件名。 Windows 通常更喜欢反斜杠，但除了极少数例外，Windows 实际上也接受正斜杠。

【讨论】：

【解决方案4】：

Windows 中的 Emacs 将正斜杠 (/) 视为反斜杠 (\)。当您指定任何类型的路径时，您应该始终使用正斜杠。 Emacs 会正确解释它们。这使您可以控制转义序列使用到预期效果的时间。

C:/Users/username/AppData/Roaming/.emacs 在 Emacs 中是完全有效的路径/文件名。

【讨论】：