Perl 在不同情况下查找有效的行对

Question

我有 HTTP 标头请求并以制表符分隔的形式回复数据，每个 GET/POST 并在不同的行中回复。该数据使得一个 TCP 流有多个 GET、POST 和 REPLY。我只需要从这些案例中选择第一个有效的 GET - REPLY 对。一个例子（简化）是：

ID       Source    Dest    Bytes   Type   Content-Length  host               lines.... 
1         A         B       10     GET        NA          yahoo.com            2
1         A         B       10     REPLY      10          NA                   2 
2         C         D       40     GET        NA          google.com           4
2         C         D       40     REPLY      20          NA                   4
2         C         D       40     GET        NA          google.com           4
2         C         D       40     REPLY      30          NA                   4
3         A         B       250    POST       NA          mail.yahoo.com       5
3         A         B       250    REPLY      NA          NA                   5
3         A         B       250    REPLY      15          NA                   5
3         A         B       250    GET        NA          yimg.com             5
3         A         B       250    REPLY      35          NA                   5
4         G         H       415    REPLY      10          NA                   6
4         G         H       415    POST       NA          facebook.com         6
4         G         H       415    REPLY      NA          NA                   6
4         G         H       415    REPLY      NA          NA                   6
4         G         H       415    GET        NA          photos.facebook.com  6
4         G         H       415    REPLY      50          NA                   6

....

所以，基本上我需要为每个 ID 获取一个请求-回复对并将它们写入一个新文件。

对于“1”，它只是一对，所以很容易。 但也有两行都是 GET、POST 或 REPLY 的错误情况。所以，这种情况被忽略了。

对于“2”，我会选择第一个 GET - REPLY 对。

对于“3”，我会选择第一个 GET 但第二个 REPLY，因为第一个中没有 Content-Length（使 subsequest REPLY 成为更好的候选者）。

对于“4”，我会选择第一个 POST（或 GET），因为第一个标头无法回复。即使 POST 之后的内容长度缺失，我也不会在第二个 GET 之后选择 REPLY，因为 REPLY 在那之后。所以我会选择第一个回复。

因此，在选择了最佳请求和回复对后，我需要将它们配对在一行中。例如，输出将是：

 ID       Source    Dest    Bytes   Type   Content-Length  host         .... 
   1         A         B       10     GET      10          yahoo.com
   2         C         D       40     GET      20          google.com
   3         A         B       250    POST     15          mail.yahoo.com
   4         G         H       415    POST     NA          facebook.com

实际数据中还有很多其他标题，但这个示例几乎显示了我需要的内容。在 Perl 中如何做到这一点？我几乎一开始就被卡住了，所以我一次只能读取一行文件。

open F, "<", "file.txt" || die "Cannot open $f: $!";

  while (<F>) {
    chomp;
    my @line = split /\t/;


      # get the valid pairs for cases with multiple request - replies


      # get the paired up data together

  }
  close (F);

*编辑：我添加了一个额外的列，给出了每个 ID 的 HTTP 标题行数。这可能有助于了解要检查多少后续行。另外，我修改了 ID '4'，以便第一个标题行是回复。 *

Answer 1

下面的程序可以满足你的需要。

它被注释了，我认为它相当清晰。请问有什么不清楚的地方。

use strict;
use warnings;

use List::Util 'max';

my $file = $ARGV[0] // 'file.txt';
open my $fh, '<', $file or die qq(Unable to open "$file" for reading: $!);

# Read the field names from the first line to index the hashes
# Remember where the data in the file starts so we can get back here
#
my @fields = split ' ', <$fh>;
my $start = tell $fh;

# Build a format to print the accumulated data
# Create a hash that relates column headers to their widths
#
my @headers = qw/ ID Source Dest Bytes Type Content-Length host /;
my %len = map { $_ => length } @headers;

# Read through the file to find the maximum data width for each column
#
while (<$fh>) {
  my %data;
  @data{@fields} = split;
  next unless $data{ID} =~ /^\d/;
  $len{$_} = max($len{$_}, length $data{$_}) for @headers;
}

# Build a format string using the values calculated
#
my $format = join '   ', map sprintf('%%%ds', $_), @len{@headers};
$format .= "\n";

# Go back to the start of the data
# Print the column headers
#
seek $fh, $start, 0;
printf $format, @headers;

# Build transaction data hashes into $record and print them
# Ignore any events before the first request
# Ignore the second request and anything after it
# Update the stored Content-Length field if a value other than NA appears
#
my $record;
my $nreq = 0;

while (<$fh>) {

  my %data;
  @data{@fields} = split;
  my ($id, $type) = @data{ qw/ ID Type / };
  next unless $id =~ /^\d/;

  if ($record and $id ne $record->{ID}) {
    printf $format, @{$record}{@headers};
    undef $record;
    $nreq = 0;
  }

  if ($type eq 'GET' or $type eq 'POST') {
    $record = \%data if $nreq == 0;
    $nreq++;
  }
  elsif ($nreq == 1) {
    if ($record->{'Content-Length'} eq 'NA' and $data{'Content-Length'} ne 'NA') {
      $record->{'Content-Length'} = $data{'Content-Length'};
    }
  }
}

printf $format, @{$record}{@headers} if $record;

输出

根据问题中给出的数据，这个程序产生

ID   Source   Dest   Bytes    Type   Content-Length                  host
 1        A      B      10     GET               10             yahoo.com
 2        C      D      40     GET               20            google.com
 3        A      B     250    POST               15        mail.yahoo.com
 4        G      H     415    POST               NA          facebook.com

Answer 2

这似乎适用于给定的数据：

#!/usr/bin/env perl
use strict;
use warnings;

# Shape of input records
use constant ID       => 0;
use constant Source   => 1;
use constant Dest     => 2;
use constant Bytes    => 3;
use constant Type     => 4;
use constant Length   => 5;
use constant Host     => 6;

use constant fmt_head => "%-6s  %-6s  %-6s  %-6s  %-6s  %-6s  %s\n";
use constant fmt_data => "%-6d  %-6s  %-6s  % 6d  %-6s  % 6s  %s\n";

printf fmt_head, "ID", "Source", "Dest", "Bytes", "Type", "Length", "Host";

my @post_get;
my @reply;
my $lastid = -1;
my $pg_count = 0;

sub print_data
{
    # Final validity checking
    if ($lastid != -1)
    {
        printf fmt_data, $post_get[ID], $post_get[Source],
               $post_get[Dest], $post_get[Bytes], $post_get[Type], $reply[Length], $post_get[Host];
        # Reset arrays;
        @post_get = ();
        @reply = ();
        $pg_count = 0;
    }
}

while (<>)
{
    chomp;
    my @record = split;
    # Validate record here (number of fields, etc)
    # Detect change in ID
    print_data if ($record[ID] != $lastid);
    $lastid = $record[ID];

    if ($record[Type] eq "REPLY")
    {
        # Discard REPLY if there wasn't already a POST/GET
        next unless defined $post_get[ID];
        # Discard REPLY if there was a second POST/GET
        next if $pg_count > 1;
        @reply = @record if !defined $reply[ID];
        $reply[Length] = $record[Length]
                         if $reply[Length] eq "NA" && $record[Length] ne "NA";
    }
    else
    {
        $pg_count++;
        @post_get = @record if !defined $post_get[ID];
        $post_get[Length] = $record[Length]
                            if $post_get[Length] eq "NA" && $record[Length] ne "NA";
    }
}
print_data;

它产生：

ID   Source   Dest   Bytes   Type   Content-Length             host
 1        A      B      10    GET               10        yahoo.com
 2        C      D      40    GET               20       google.com
 3        A      B     250   POST               15   mail.yahoo.com
 4        G      H     415   POST               NA     facebook.com

与问题的主要偏差是用“长度”代替“内容长度”；如果需要，修复很容易——将fmt_data 和fmt_head 中的第6 个长度更改为14，并将"Length" 更改为"Content-Length"。