【发布时间】：2010-05-05 03:58:28
【问题描述】：
这可能是一个愚蠢的问题，但默认别名（例如 cd）是硬编码在 PowerShell 中还是在某个隐藏的“配置文件”脚本中定义的？
我没有设置任何配置文件（每个用户或系统范围），所以我只是想知道默认配置文件来自哪里。
【问题讨论】：
标签： powershell
【发布时间】：2010-05-05 03:58:28
【问题描述】：
它们是“内置”的，但不是一成不变的。注意：
PS > (Get-Alias dir).Options 全范围 PS > (Get-Alias gci).Options 只读，AllScopePS > 获取别名 |组选项
计数名称组 ----- ---- ----- 91 只读，AllScope {%, ?, ac, asnp...} 46 AllScope {cat, cd, chdir, clear...}
如您所见，ReadOnly 选项对别名进行了一些分区。 ReadOnly 在 PowerShell 中是惯用的，而可变的则适用于熟悉其他 shell 的人。我见过人们修改dir 以添加更多功能，同时保持gci 作为Get-ChildItem 的直接别名。
为了广泛的兼容性，我只在我的脚本中使用 ReadOnly 别名。
另外，因为 CMD 中的 dir、UNIX 中的 ls 和 PowerShell 中的 gci 都以自己的方式工作，所以我训练自己使用本机命令，而不是别名。 dir 倾向于在任何地方工作，但 dir -Recurse 不行！
作为训练练习，为了测试我的脚本的兼容性，我有时会删除非ReadOnly 别名：
Get-Alias | ? { ! ($_.Options -match "ReadOnly") } | % { Remove-Item alias:$_ }
有一种更温和的方法，您可以用一个新命令替换每个别名，该命令会警告您正在使用其中一个兼容性别名，但可以让您继续工作。
此外，如果您真的想更改 ReadOnly 别名，但出于上述原因，我建议您不要这样做：
目录：C:\Users\Jay
模式 LastWriteTime 长度名称 ---- ------------- ------ ----
【讨论】：
-
感谢您（以及其他人）的精彩解释！
-
实际上，您标记为
# BAD!的部分正是我试图弄清楚如何做的事情——覆盖只读别名。我实际上已经分别尝试了 -Force 和 -Option AllScope ，当然两者都没有奏效。出于某种原因，我没有想到每一个都解决了不同的障碍，这两者都适用于 ReadOnly 别名，所以它们需要一起使用......呃！ -
如果你必须知道，我想将 sl 别名为 Push-Location，这样我就可以在不改变习惯的情况下改变行为。让内置别名引用它通常引用的命令的代理命令也很有用。再次，在不改变习惯的情况下改变命令的行为。所以...不一定总是
# BAD!。 ;)
硬编码，但可检索（就像大多数“隐藏”在 PowerShell 中的东西一样）
PS> [Management.Automation.Runspaces.InitialSessionState].getproperty(
"BuiltInAliases", [reflection.bindingflags]"NonPublic,Static").getvalue(
$null, @()) | format-table -auto
Definition Description Options CommandType Visibility Name PSSnapIn Module
---------- ----------- ------- ----------- ---------- ---- -------- ------
Add-Content ReadOnly, AllScope Alias Public ac
Add-PSSnapIn ReadOnly, AllScope Alias Public asnp
Clear-Content ReadOnly, AllScope Alias Public clc
Clear-Item ReadOnly, AllScope Alias Public cli
Clear-ItemProperty ReadOnly, AllScope Alias Public clp
Clear-Variable ReadOnly, AllScope Alias Public clv
...
;-)
【讨论】：
-
get-alias 当然也可以，但是上面的代码是确定的，不管其他模块/管理单元是否添加了自己的组合。
另一种使用来自 GitHub 的 (C#) 源代码查找内置别名的方法：
internal static SessionStateAliasEntry[] BuiltInAliases {
get {
// Too many AllScope entries hurts performance because an entry is
// created in each new scope, so we limit the use of AllScope to the
// most commonly used commands - primarily so command lookup is faster,
// though if we speed up command lookup significantly, then removing
// AllScope for all of these aliases makes sense.
const ScopedItemOptions AllScope = ScopedItemOptions.AllScope;
const ScopedItemOptions ReadOnly_AllScope = ScopedItemOptions.ReadOnly | ScopedItemOptions.AllScope;
const ScopedItemOptions ReadOnly = ScopedItemOptions.ReadOnly;
return new SessionStateAliasEntry[] {
new SessionStateAliasEntry("foreach", "ForEach-Object", string.Empty, ReadOnly_AllScope),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("%", "ForEach-Object", string.Empty, ReadOnly_AllScope),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("where", "Where-Object", string.Empty, ReadOnly_AllScope),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("?", "Where-Object", string.Empty, ReadOnly_AllScope),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("clc", "Clear-Content", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("cli", "Clear-Item", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("clp", "Clear-ItemProperty", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("clv", "Clear-Variable", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("cpi", "Copy-Item", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("cvpa", "Convert-Path", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("dbp", "Disable-PSBreakpoint", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("ebp", "Enable-PSBreakpoint", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("epal", "Export-Alias", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("epcsv", "Export-Csv", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("fl", "Format-List", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("ft", "Format-Table", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("fw", "Format-Wide", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("gal", "Get-Alias", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("gbp", "Get-PSBreakpoint", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("gc", "Get-Content", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("gci", "Get-ChildItem", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("gcm", "Get-Command", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("gdr", "Get-PSDrive", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("gcs", "Get-PSCallStack", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("ghy", "Get-History", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("gi", "Get-Item", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("gl", "Get-Location", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("gm", "Get-Member", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("gmo", "Get-Module", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("gp", "Get-ItemProperty", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("gpv", "Get-ItemPropertyValue", string.Empty,ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("gps", "Get-Process", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("group", "Group-Object", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("gu", "Get-Unique", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("gv", "Get-Variable", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("iex", "Invoke-Expression", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("ihy", "Invoke-History", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("ii", "Invoke-Item", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("ipmo", "Import-Module", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("ipal", "Import-Alias", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("ipcsv", "Import-Csv", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("measure", "Measure-Object", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("mi", "Move-Item", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("mp", "Move-ItemProperty", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("nal", "New-Alias", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("ndr", "New-PSDrive", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("ni", "New-Item", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("nv", "New-Variable", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("nmo", "New-Module", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("oh", "Out-Host", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("rbp", "Remove-PSBreakpoint", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("rdr", "Remove-PSDrive", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("ri", "Remove-Item", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("rni", "Rename-Item", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("rnp", "Rename-ItemProperty", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("rp", "Remove-ItemProperty", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("rmo", "Remove-Module", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("rv", "Remove-Variable", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("rvpa", "Resolve-Path", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("sal", "Set-Alias", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("sbp", "Set-PSBreakpoint", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("select", "Select-Object", string.Empty, ReadOnly_AllScope),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("si", "Set-Item", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("sl", "Set-Location", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("sp", "Set-ItemProperty", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("saps", "Start-Process", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("spps", "Stop-Process", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("sv", "Set-Variable", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
// Web cmdlets aliases
new SessionStateAliasEntry("irm", "Invoke-RestMethod", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("iwr", "Invoke-WebRequest", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
// Porting note: #if !UNIX is used to disable aliases for cmdlets which conflict with Linux / macOS
#if !UNIX
// ac is a native command on macOS
new SessionStateAliasEntry("ac", "Add-Content", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("compare", "Compare-Object", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("cpp", "Copy-ItemProperty", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("diff", "Compare-Object", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("gsv", "Get-Service", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("sleep", "Start-Sleep", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("sort", "Sort-Object", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("start", "Start-Process", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("sasv", "Start-Service", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("spsv", "Stop-Service", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("tee", "Tee-Object", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("write", "Write-Output", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
// These were transferred from the "transferred from the profile" section
new SessionStateAliasEntry("cat", "Get-Content"),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("cp", "Copy-Item", string.Empty, AllScope),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("ls", "Get-ChildItem"),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("man", "help"),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("mount", "New-PSDrive"),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("mv", "Move-Item"),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("ps", "Get-Process"),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("rm", "Remove-Item"),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("rmdir", "Remove-Item"),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("cnsn", "Connect-PSSession", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("dnsn", "Disconnect-PSSession", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
#endif
// Bash built-ins we purposefully keep even if they override native commands
new SessionStateAliasEntry("cd", "Set-Location", string.Empty, AllScope),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("dir", "Get-ChildItem", string.Empty, AllScope),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("echo", "Write-Output", string.Empty, AllScope),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("fc", "Format-Custom", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("kill", "Stop-Process"),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("pwd", "Get-Location"),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("type", "Get-Content"),
// Native commands we keep because the functions act correctly on Linux
new SessionStateAliasEntry("clear", "Clear-Host"),
// #if !CORECLR is used to disable aliases for cmdlets which are not available on OneCore or not appropriate for PSCore6 due to conflicts
#if !CORECLR
new SessionStateAliasEntry("gwmi", "Get-WmiObject", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("iwmi", "Invoke-WMIMethod", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("ogv", "Out-GridView", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("ise", "powershell_ise.exe", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("rwmi", "Remove-WMIObject", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("sc", "Set-Content", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("swmi", "Set-WMIInstance", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("shcm", "Show-Command", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("trcm", "Trace-Command", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("lp", "Out-Printer"),
#endif
// Aliases transferred from the profile
new SessionStateAliasEntry("h", "Get-History"),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("history", "Get-History"),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("md", "mkdir", string.Empty, AllScope),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("popd", "Pop-Location", string.Empty, AllScope),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("pushd", "Push-Location", string.Empty, AllScope),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("r", "Invoke-History"),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("cls", "Clear-Host"),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("chdir", "Set-Location"),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("copy", "Copy-Item", string.Empty, AllScope),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("del", "Remove-Item", string.Empty, AllScope),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("erase", "Remove-Item"),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("move", "Move-Item", string.Empty, AllScope),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("rd", "Remove-Item"),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("ren", "Rename-Item"),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("set", "Set-Variable"),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("icm", "Invoke-Command"),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("clhy", "Clear-History", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
// Job Specific aliases
new SessionStateAliasEntry("gjb", "Get-Job"),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("rcjb", "Receive-Job"),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("rjb", "Remove-Job"),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("sajb", "Start-Job"),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("spjb", "Stop-Job"),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("wjb", "Wait-Job"),
#if !CORECLR
new SessionStateAliasEntry("sujb", "Suspend-Job"),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("rujb", "Resume-Job"),
// Remoting Cmdlets Specific aliases
new SessionStateAliasEntry("npssc", "New-PSSessionConfigurationFile", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("ipsn", "Import-PSSession"),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("epsn", "Export-PSSession"),
#endif
new SessionStateAliasEntry("nsn", "New-PSSession"),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("gsn", "Get-PSSession"),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("rsn", "Remove-PSSession"),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("etsn", "Enter-PSSession"),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("rcsn", "Receive-PSSession", string.Empty, ReadOnly),
new SessionStateAliasEntry("exsn", "Exit-PSSession"),
// Win8: 121662/169179 Add "sls" alias for Select-String cmdlet
// - do not use AllScope - this causes errors in profiles that set this somewhat commonly used alias.
new SessionStateAliasEntry("sls", "Select-String"),
};
}
}
当然，上述别名可能会发生变化，但在某些情况下以这种方式访问它们可能更方便/信息丰富。
【讨论】：
虽然我不知道技术细节，但我会说它们是硬编码的并且不可配置。它们可以重新定义或删除，但初始集合不受我们控制。
【讨论】：
它们是硬编码的。
【讨论】：
另外值得注意的是，有两个地方需要注意别名。全局的和 cmdlet 参数特定的。
# Get named aliases
Get-Alias |
Out-GridView -PassThru -Title 'Available aliases'
# Get cmdlet / function parameter aliases
(Get-Command Get-ADUser).Parameters.Values |
where aliases |
select Name, Aliases |
Out-GridView -PassThru -Title 'Alias results for a given cmdlet or function.'
【讨论】：