直接方法
这是一个直接执行任务的版本。
(defun decompose (digits)
"Given a list of digits (least-significant digit first), return a
list of normalized digits, i.e., where each digit is less than 10."
(do ((digits digits (rest digits)) ; iterate through the digits.
;; There's no initial digit, and the carry is initially 0.
(carry 0) (digit)
;; The result starts as '(), and adds a digit on each successive
;; iteration, where the digit is computed in the loop body.
(result '() (list* digit result)))
;; End when there are no digits left. Most of the result is
;; simply the reversed result, but if there's a non-zero carry
;; at the end, put it into a list and decompose it, too.
((endp digits)
(nreconc result (if (zerop carry) '()
(decompose (list carry)))))
;; At each iteration, add the first digit to the carry, and divide
;; by 10. The quotient is the carry for the next iteration, and
;; the remainder is the digit that's added into the results.
(multiple-value-setq (carry digit)
(floor (+ carry (first digits)) 10))))
(decompose '(10005 2 3))
;=> (5 2 3 0 1)
(decompose '(11 2 4))
;=> (1 3 4)
(decompose '(23 0))
;=> (3 2)
(decompose '(11 11 4 6))
;=> (1 2 5 6)
模块化方法
更模块化的方法可能会将其分解为两部分。首先,给定一个数字列表,每个数字都可能大于 9,我们可以将原始数字重构为一个数字(即,不是数字列表)。这很简单:
(defun digits->number (digits)
(reduce (lambda (digit number)
(+ digit (* 10 number)))
digits
:from-end t))
(digits->number '(1 2 3 4))
;=> 4321
(digits->number '(205 3))
;=> 235
现在,将数字转换为数字列表也不是太难。
(defun number->digits (number)
(do ((digit)
(digits '() (list* digit digits)))
((zerop number) (nreverse digits))
(multiple-value-setq (number digit)
(floor number 10))))
(number->digits 1024)
;=> (4 2 0 1)
(number->digits 8923)
;=> (3 2 9 8)
现在,我们可以观察到 digits->number 将数字列表转换为我们需要的形式的数字,即使存在大于 9 的“数字”。number->digits 总是产生一个表示,其中所有数字小于 10。因此,我们也可以将 decompose 实现为 number->digits of digits->number。
(defun decompose (digits)
(number->digits (digits->number digits)))
(decompose '(10005 2 3))
;=> (5 2 3 0 1)
(decompose '(11 2 4))
;=> (1 3 4)
(decompose '(23 0))
;=> (3 2)
(decompose '(11 11 4 6))
;=> (1 2 5 6)
作为一个有趣的观察,我认为您可以说decompose 的输入空间是非负整数列表,并且每个小于 10 的非负整数列表是一个不动点 decompose。