将列表值设置为 CL 中的数字，然后检查它们

Question

我正在玩 CL，在尝试制作完整的二维版本之前制作一维版本的战舰，但我遇到了问题。为了检查船是否在那里，我用零表示它，当一个点被击中时，我用星号替换它，所以我可以用numberp 检查列表。但是，当我运行(new-game) 时，它立即完成，这告诉我我没有正确输入零，因此它们被识别为数字。我究竟做错了什么？我知道这一定是菜鸟的错误。

;;;; Suez-Canal.lisp
;;;;
;;;; A simple, 1-Dimensional version of Battleship
;;;; The computer places a boat randomly, and you must sink it.

(setf *random-state* (make-random-state t))
(defparameter *boat-length* 3)
(defparameter *canal-length* 10)
(defparameter *shots-fired* 0)

(defun new-game ()
  (init-canal *canal-length*)
  (place-boat)
  (game-loop)
  (format t "It took you ~a shots to sink the boat." *shots-fired*))

(defun init-canal (len)
  (defparameter *canal* (make-list len)))

(defun place-boat ()
  (let ((pos (random-spot)))
    (setf (nth pos *canal*) 'O)
    (setf (nth (+ pos 1) *canal*) 'O)
    (setf (nth (+ pos 2) *canal*) 'O)))

(defun random-spot ()
  (let ((x (random 7)))
    x))

(defun game-loop ()
  (loop until (notany #'numberp *canal*)
       do (progn
        (prompt-for-guess)
        (check-guess (read-guess))
        (incf *shots-fired*))))

(defun prompt-for-guess ()
  (format t "~&Enter in a number between 1 and 10 to fire a shot.~&"))

(defun read-guess ()
  (parse-integer (read-line *query-io*) :junk-allowed t))

(defun check-guess (guess)
  (if (and (<= guess 9)
      (>= guess 0))
      (fire-shot guess)
      (progn
        (format t "~&Invalid selection~&")
        (check-guess (read-guess)))))

(defun fire-shot (pos)
  (if (= (nth (- pos 1) *canal*) 0)
      (progn
        (setf (nth (- pos 1) *canal*) #\*)
        (print "Hit!"))
      (print "Miss!")))

Answer 1

您输入的根本不是零，而是字母“O”。

其他说明：

不要在DEFUN 中使用DEFPARAMETER。在顶层定义变量，并在初始化函数内部 SETF 它。

不要使用列表进行随机访问。使用arrays。

Numerical comparison operators 将在给定非数字值时发出错误信号。使用EQL 进行一般比较。

Answer 2

这是一个更正的版本：

(setf *random-state* (make-random-state t))
(defparameter *boat-length* 3)
(defparameter *canal-length* 10)
(defparameter *shots-fired* 0)

;;; you need to declare *canal* at toplevel.
(defparameter *canal* nil)

(defun new-game ()
  (init-canal *canal-length*)
  (place-boat)
  (game-loop)
  (format t "It took you ~a shots to sink the boat." *shots-fired*))

;;; just set the the variable.
(defun init-canal (length)
  (setq *canal* (make-list length)))

;;; you need to set those positions to 0 and not to O
(defun place-boat ()
  (let ((pos (random-spot)))
    (setf (nth pos       *canal*) 0)
    (setf (nth (+ pos 1) *canal*) 0)
    (setf (nth (+ pos 2) *canal*) 0)))

;;; no need for a LET
(defun random-spot ()
  (random 7))

;;; no need for progn
;;; you could also replace UNTIL NOTANY with WHILE SOME
(defun game-loop ()
  (loop until (notany #'numberp *canal*)
       do
       (prompt-for-guess)
       (check-guess (read-guess))
       (incf *shots-fired*)))

(defun prompt-for-guess ()
  (format t "~&Enter in a number between 1 and 10 to fire a shot.~&"))

(defun read-guess ()
  (parse-integer (read-line *query-io*) :junk-allowed t))

;;; <= can take more than two arguments
;;; typically this recursive version might be replaced with a LOOP
(defun check-guess (guess)
  (if (<= 0 guess 9)
      (fire-shot guess)
    (progn
      (format t "~&Invalid selection~&")
      (check-guess (read-guess)))))

;;; use EQL, = only compares numbers
(defun fire-shot (pos)
  (if (eql (nth (- pos 1) *canal*) 0)
      (progn
        (setf (nth (- pos 1) *canal*) #\*)
        (print "Hit!"))
      (print "Miss!")))