我目前的解决方案是设置一个 IPython ZMQ 内核。我不只是使用
IPython.embed_kernel()
因为它有很多副作用，比如搞乱sys.stdout、sys.stderr、sys.excepthook、signal.signal 等，我不想要这些副作用。此外，embed_kernel() 处于阻塞状态，并且不能在单独的线程中开箱即用（请参阅here）。
所以，我想出了这段代码，在我看来这太复杂了。 （这就是为什么我创建了一个功能请求here。）
def initIPythonKernel():
# You can remotely connect to this kernel. See the output on stdout.
try:
import IPython.kernel.zmq.ipkernel
from IPython.kernel.zmq.ipkernel import Kernel
from IPython.kernel.zmq.heartbeat import Heartbeat
from IPython.kernel.zmq.session import Session
from IPython.kernel import write_connection_file
import zmq
from zmq.eventloop import ioloop
from zmq.eventloop.zmqstream import ZMQStream
IPython.kernel.zmq.ipkernel.signal = lambda sig, f: None # Overwrite.
except ImportError, e:
print "IPython import error, cannot start IPython kernel. %s" % e
return
import atexit
import socket
import logging
import threading
# Do in mainthread to avoid history sqlite DB errors at exit.
# https://github.com/ipython/ipython/issues/680
assert isinstance(threading.currentThread(), threading._MainThread)
try:
connection_file = "kernel-%s.json" % os.getpid()
def cleanup_connection_file():
try:
os.remove(connection_file)
except (IOError, OSError):
pass
atexit.register(cleanup_connection_file)
logger = logging.Logger("IPython")
logger.addHandler(logging.NullHandler())
session = Session(username=u'kernel')
context = zmq.Context.instance()
ip = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())
transport = "tcp"
addr = "%s://%s" % (transport, ip)
shell_socket = context.socket(zmq.ROUTER)
shell_port = shell_socket.bind_to_random_port(addr)
iopub_socket = context.socket(zmq.PUB)
iopub_port = iopub_socket.bind_to_random_port(addr)
control_socket = context.socket(zmq.ROUTER)
control_port = control_socket.bind_to_random_port(addr)
hb_ctx = zmq.Context()
heartbeat = Heartbeat(hb_ctx, (transport, ip, 0))
hb_port = heartbeat.port
heartbeat.start()
shell_stream = ZMQStream(shell_socket)
control_stream = ZMQStream(control_socket)
kernel = Kernel(session=session,
shell_streams=[shell_stream, control_stream],
iopub_socket=iopub_socket,
log=logger)
write_connection_file(connection_file,
shell_port=shell_port, iopub_port=iopub_port, control_port=control_port, hb_port=hb_port,
ip=ip)
print "To connect another client to this IPython kernel, use:", \
"ipython console --existing %s" % connection_file
except Exception, e:
print "Exception while initializing IPython ZMQ kernel. %s" % e
return
def ipython_thread():
kernel.start()
try:
ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
pass
thread = threading.Thread(target=ipython_thread, name="IPython kernel")
thread.daemon = True
thread.start()
请注意，此代码现已过时。我制作了一个包here，它应该包含更新的版本，并且可以通过 pip 安装。
在没有事先准备的情况下附加到正在运行的 CPython 进程的其他替代方法。那些通常使用操作系统调试功能（或使用 gdb/lldb）附加到本机 CPython 进程，然后注入一些代码或仅分析本机 CPython 线程堆栈。
这里有其他替代方法，您可以事先准备好 Python 脚本以侦听某些（tcp/文件）套接字，从而为远程调试和/或仅提供 Python shell/REPL 提供接口。
一些概述和收集的代码示例：
（此概述来自here。）