SQL Server 中动态透视和静态透视的组合

Question

动态枢轴结合静态聚合

我有一个看起来像这样的表：

Place    State   Category CategCount MCount Buys Cost
London   UK      Old      3          NULL   22   4.50
London   UK      Old      6          5      3    22.00
Brussels BE      Young    2          NULL   4    3.50
Brussels BE      M        NULL       5      12   1.20
Brussels BE      M        NULL       2      1    1.20

我基本上需要：

• 按多个字段分组（例如，地点、州、类别）
• 按此类组计数
• 每个组的总和 MCount、成本（以及其他，不在示例中），这些列是静态的
• 透视类别并为每个此类分组类别（此处为 Old、Young）求和 CategCount。这是动态部分

结果应如下所示：

Count  Place    State   Category SumMCount SumOld SumYoung SumCost SumBuys 
2      London   UK      Old      5         9      0        26.50   25
1      Brussels BE      Young    0         0      2        3.50    4
2      Brussels BE      NULL     7         0      0        2.40    13

我知道如何获取动态数据透视查询（根据https://stackoverflow.com/a/38505375/111575），并且我知道如何执行静态部分。 但我不知道如何将两者结合起来。有人有什么想法吗？也许我做错了？

到目前为止我得到了什么：

以下内容为我提供了 Old 和 Young 的正确动态透视结果，但不确定如何将计数和“常规”总和/聚合添加到其中：

create table #temp
(
    Place nvarchar(20),
    State nvarchar(20),
    Category nvarchar(20) null,
    CategCount int null,
    MCount int null,
    Buys int,
    Cost int
)
    
insert into #temp values ('London', 'UK', 'Old', 3, NULL, 22, 4.50)
insert into #temp values ('London', 'UK', 'Old', 6, 5, 3, 22.00)
insert into #temp values ('Brussels', 'BE', 'Young', 2, NULL, 4, 3.50)
insert into #temp values ('Brussels', 'BE', 'M', NULL, 5, 12, 1.20)
insert into #temp values ('Brussels', 'BE', 'M', NULL, 2, 1, 1.20)

DECLARE @cols  AS NVARCHAR(MAX)='';
DECLARE @query AS NVARCHAR(MAX)='';

SELECT @cols = @cols + QUOTENAME(Category) + ',' FROM (select distinct Category from #temp where CategCount IS NOT NULL) as tmp
select @cols = substring(@cols, 0, len(@cols)) --trim "," at end
--select (@cols) as bm

set @query = 
'SELECT * from 
(
    select
        sum(CategCount) as totalCatCount,
        Category
    from #temp
    group by Category
) src
pivot 
(
    max(totalCatCount) for Category in (' + @cols + ')
) piv'

execute(@query)
drop table #temp

返回：

以下是没有旋转的“常规”查询：

select count(*) as count, place, state, category,
    sum(ISNULL(CategCount, 0)) as SumCatCount,
    sum(ISNULL(MCount, 0)) as SumMCount,
    sum(ISNULL(buys, 0)) as SumBuys,
    sum(Cost) as SumCost
from #temp
group by place, state, category

返回：

但它应该看起来像这样：

Answer 1

我已将查询的静态数据透视部分用作动态数据透视的来源。创建两组动态透视列列表。一个用于旋转，另一个使用 Coalesce() 选择旋转列（将 null 转换为 0）。如果任何类别都没有类别计数，则该类别已被替换为 null（case when）。 Category 和 SumCatCount 的另外两个别名已在枢轴条件下使用后创建。

你的答案如下：

 create table #temp
 (
     Place nvarchar(20),
     State nvarchar(20),
     Category nvarchar(20) null,
     CategCount int null,
     MCount int null,
     Buys int,
     Cost int
 )
     
 insert into #temp values ('London', 'UK', 'Old', 3, NULL, 22, 4.50)
 insert into #temp values ('London', 'UK', 'Old', 6, 5, 3, 22.00)
 insert into #temp values ('Brussels', 'BE', 'Young', 2, NULL, 4, 3.50)
 insert into #temp values ('Brussels', 'BE', 'M', NULL, 5, 12, 1.20)
 insert into #temp values ('Brussels', 'BE', 'M', NULL, 2, 1, 1.20)
 
 
 DECLARE @cols  AS NVARCHAR(MAX)='';
 DECLARE @query AS NVARCHAR(MAX)='';
 DECLARE @colsForSelect  AS NVARCHAR(MAX)='';
 
 SET @cols = STUFF((SELECT distinct ',' + quotename(category)
             FROM #temp  where CategCount is not null 
             FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
             ).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)') 
         ,1,1,'')
 
        
 SET @colsForSelect = STUFF((SELECT distinct ',' + ' Coalesce('+quotename(category)+',0) '+ quotename(category)
             FROM #temp  where CategCount is not null 
             FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
             ).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)') 
        ,1,1,'')
 
 
 --select (@cols) as bm
 
 set @query = 
 'SELECT count,place,state,(case when OldSumCatCount >0 then OldCategory else null end)Category,SumMCount, ' + @colsForSelect + ',SumCost,SumBuys from 
 (
     select count(*) as count, place, state,category OldCategory, category,    
     sum(ISNULL(MCount, 0)) as SumMCount,
    sum(ISNULL(CategCount, 0)) as OldSumCatCount,
    sum(ISNULL(CategCount, 0)) as SumCatCount,
     sum(Cost) as SumCost,
    sum(ISNULL(buys, 0)) as SumBuys
     
 from #temp
 group by place , state, category
 ) src
 pivot 
 (
     max(SumCatCount) for Category in (' + @cols + ')
 ) piv
 order by place desc,count'
 
 execute(@query)
 GO

count	place	state	Category	SumMCount	Old	Young	SumCost	SumBuys
2	London	UK	Old	5	9	0	26	25
1	Brussels	BE	Young	0	0	2	3	4
2	Brussels	BE	null	7	0	0	2	13

db小提琴here

Answer 2

感谢 cmets 中的 @Larnu 为我指明了正确的方向。他/她关于“你不能将静态加入动态查询”的声明，并且要么全部或全部都必须是动态的，这促使我构建动态部分并简单地扩展它。

我认为我需要以某种方式重复 PIVOT 部分中的列，但情况似乎并非如此。显然，只有您想要旋转的列（逻辑上如此，一旦您考虑一下）。

我还没有弄清楚的唯一部分是如何在结果集中摆脱NULL，希望有人能回答这个问题；）。

DECLARE @cols  AS NVARCHAR(MAX)='';
DECLARE @query AS NVARCHAR(MAX)='';

SELECT @cols = @cols + QUOTENAME(Category) + ',' FROM (select distinct Category from #temp where CategCount IS NOT NULL) as tmp
select @cols = substring(@cols, 0, len(@cols)) --trim "," at end
--select (@cols) as bm

set @query = 
'SELECT * from 
(
    select
        count(*) as count,
        Place,
        State,
        Category,
        Category as CatPivot,
        sum(ISNULL(CategCount, 0)) as TotalCatCount,
        sum(ISNULL(Buys, 0)) as SumBuys,
        sum(ISNULL(Cost, 0)) as SumCost,
        sum(ISNULL(MCount, 0)) as SumMCount
    from #temp
    group by Category, Place, State
) src
pivot 
(
    max(TotalCatCount) for CatPivot in (' + @cols + ')
) piv'

execute(@query)

Answer 3

在这里，我分享了另一个相同的答案，但正如@Anthony Hancock 建议的那样，pivot 的动态列名是使用 string_agg() 而不是 stuff() 和 xml path for() 创建的。它速度更快，可读性更强（对于 SQL Server 2017 及更高版本）

DECLARE @cols  AS NVARCHAR(MAX)='';
DECLARE @query AS NVARCHAR(MAX)='';
DECLARE @colsForSelect  AS NVARCHAR(MAX)='';


select @cols =string_agg(category,',') from (
select distinct category FROM #temp  where CategCount is not null )t


select @colsForSelect= STRING_AGG(category,',') from 
(select distinct 'coalesce('+category+',0) '+category category FROM #temp  where CategCount is not null )t


set @query = 
'SELECT count,place,state,(case when OldSumCatCount >0 then OldCategory else null end)Category,SumMCount, ' + @colsForSelect + ',SumCost,SumBuys from 
(
    select count(*) as count, place, state,category OldCategory, category,    
    sum(ISNULL(MCount, 0)) as SumMCount,
    sum(ISNULL(CategCount, 0)) as OldSumCatCount,
    sum(ISNULL(CategCount, 0)) as SumCatCount,
    sum(Cost) as SumCost,
    sum(ISNULL(buys, 0)) as SumBuys
    
from #temp
group by place , state, category
) src
pivot 
(
    max(SumCatCount) for Category in (' + @cols + ')
) piv
order by place desc,count'

execute(@query)