您不能以这种方式向 shell 发送命令。 info.Arguments 中的字符串是在命令行上提供给程序的参数。如果您希望 cmd.exe shell 执行一系列命令然后退出，您必须提供 /c 参数。如果您希望它执行多个命令，则必须将命令放在批处理文件中并执行该命令，或者将它们括在引号中并用 && 分隔它们，即info.Arguments = @"/c ""cd \ && dir""";。您永远不会返回的另一个问题是 cmd.exe 在没有任何或适当的参数的情况下默认以交互模式打开。 /c 选项告诉 cmd.exe 执行相关命令然后退出。
此外，像 python 和 perl 这样的解释器在直接从 ProcessStartInfo 启动时有时会出现奇怪的行为。如果带有 perl.exe 的 info.Arguments = @"""MyPerlProgram.pl"""; 不起作用，您可能会发现有必要在 cmd.exe 中启动它们以使其正常运行，即 info.Arguments = @"/c ""perl.exe ""MyPerlProgram.pl""""";。
请参阅 Cmd 和 ProcessStartInfo.Arguments Property。
要回答您的 Edit 3 问题，您可能没有正确连接到输出。不要尝试挂钩 StreamReader 的 BaseStream，而是在调用 Start 之前将 OutputDataReceived 事件与 this.shellProcess.OutputDataReceived += ProcessOutputHandler; 挂钩，其中 ProcessOutputHandler 具有类似 public static void ProcessOutputHandler(object sendingProcess, DataReceivedEventArgs outLine) 的签名。拨打 Start 后立即拨打 this.shellProcess.BeginOutputReadLine();。错误输出的过程也类似。请参阅Process.BeginOutputReadLine Method 和Process.BeginErrorReadLine Method 了解更多详情。
如果还是有问题，试试process.StartInfo.Arguments = @"/c ""python.exe -c ""import sys; print 'Test.';""""";会得到什么？
此外，下面的代码演示了 shell 通信的大部分必要概念：
public static void Main()
{
using (Process process = new Process())
{
process.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
process.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
process.StartInfo.RedirectStandardError = true;
process.StartInfo.WorkingDirectory = @"C:\";
process.StartInfo.FileName = Path.Combine(Environment.SystemDirectory, "cmd.exe");
// Redirects the standard input so that commands can be sent to the shell.
process.StartInfo.RedirectStandardInput = true;
// Runs the specified command and exits the shell immediately.
//process.StartInfo.Arguments = @"/c ""dir""";
process.OutputDataReceived += ProcessOutputDataHandler;
process.ErrorDataReceived += ProcessErrorDataHandler;
process.Start();
process.BeginOutputReadLine();
process.BeginErrorReadLine();
// Send a directory command and an exit command to the shell
process.StandardInput.WriteLine("dir");
process.StandardInput.WriteLine("exit");
process.WaitForExit();
}
}
public static void ProcessOutputDataHandler(object sendingProcess, DataReceivedEventArgs outLine)
{
Console.WriteLine(outLine.Data);
}
public static void ProcessErrorDataHandler(object sendingProcess, DataReceivedEventArgs outLine)
{
Console.WriteLine(outLine.Data);
}
您可能遇到导致问题的线程问题。我已经对此做了一些进一步的工作，并且能够在表单上获取一个文本框以使用以下代码进行更新：
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Timers;
namespace DummyFormsApplication
{
class ProcessLauncher : IDisposable
{
private Form1 form;
private Process process;
private bool running;
public bool InteractiveMode
{
get;
private set;
}
public ProcessLauncher(Form1 form)
{
this.form = form;
process = new Process();
process.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
process.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
process.StartInfo.RedirectStandardError = true;
process.StartInfo.WorkingDirectory = @"C:\";
process.StartInfo.FileName = Path.Combine(Environment.SystemDirectory, "cmd.exe");
// Redirects the standard input so that commands can be sent to the shell.
process.StartInfo.RedirectStandardInput = true;
process.OutputDataReceived +=new DataReceivedEventHandler(process_OutputDataReceived);
process.ErrorDataReceived += new DataReceivedEventHandler(process_ErrorDataReceived);
process.Exited += new EventHandler(process_Exited);
}
public void Start()
{
if (running == false)
{
running = true;
InteractiveMode = true;
// Runs the specified command and exits the shell immediately upon completion.
process.StartInfo.Arguments = @"/c ""C:\python27\python.exe -i""";
process.Start();
process.BeginOutputReadLine();
process.BeginErrorReadLine();
}
}
public void Start(string scriptFileName)
{
if (running == false)
{
running = true;
InteractiveMode = false;
// Runs the specified command and exits the shell immediately upon completion.
process.StartInfo.Arguments = string.Format(@"/c ""C:\python27\python.exe ""{0}""""", scriptFileName);
}
}
public void Abort()
{
process.Kill();
}
public void SendInput(string input)
{
process.StandardInput.Write(input);
process.StandardInput.Flush();
}
private void process_OutputDataReceived(object sendingProcess, DataReceivedEventArgs outLine)
{
if (outLine.Data != null)
{
form.Invoke(form.appendConsoleTextDelegate, new object[] { outLine.Data });
}
}
private void process_ErrorDataReceived(object sendingProcess, DataReceivedEventArgs outLine)
{
if (outLine.Data != null)
{
form.Invoke(form.appendConsoleTextDelegate, new object[] { outLine.Data });
}
}
private void process_Exited(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
running = false;
}
public void Dispose()
{
if (process != null)
{
process.Dispose();
}
}
}
}
我创建了一个表单并在表单中添加了一个文本框和以下代码：
public delegate void AppendConsoleText(string text);
public AppendConsoleText appendConsoleTextDelegate;
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
appendConsoleTextDelegate = new AppendConsoleText(textBox1_AppendConsoleText);
using (ProcessLauncher launcher = new ProcessLauncher(this))
{
launcher.Start();
launcher.SendInput("import sys;\n");
launcher.SendInput("print \"Test.\";\n");
launcher.SendInput("exit()\n");
}
}
private void textBox1_AppendConsoleText(string text)
{
textBox1.AppendText(string.Format("{0}\r\n", text));
}
需要注意的一点是，如果 Form1_Load 事件没有完成，Invoke 将一直挂起，直到它完成。如果事件中有长时间运行的代码，则需要使用 BeginInvoke 异步调用，或者在长时间运行的代码中定期调用 DoEvents。
编辑
根据您的评论，我已修改代码以处理交互式提交。但是，有一个问题。 Python 提示符 (>>>) 在 StandardError 输出中提供，它不回显 StandardInput。它也不会终止线路。这使得检测提示变得困难，并且由于 process_ErrorDataReceived 直到进程结束或看到行结束才会触发，从而导致提示字符的一些乱序输出。