使用适用于 Android 的 Twitter4j 库

Question

我正在尝试使用 twitter4j 库创建一个 twitter 客户端。但是我仍然不清楚这些东西，我找不到一个好的教程。大多数教程都已过时。主要是我想知道，我每次创建 Twitter 客户端时都必须使用 OAuth 吗？如果不是，我应该怎么做（我的意思是，没有获得“消费者密钥”和“消费者秘密”，只需输入用户名和密码）？任何帮助，将不胜感激。谢谢。

Answer 1

如果你想使用 twitter4j，你必须在 http://dev.twitter.com/apps/ 注册一个应用程序以获得消费者密钥和秘密。

我的应用程序只是发布了一条带有图像的推文，我希望找到一个简单的推文功能，但却发现了一个迷宫般的身份验证细节和代码线程问题。

为了更轻松地使用图像发送推文，我将 twitter4j 封装在一个包装 JAR 文件中，该文件处理所有身份验证和线程问题。它只需要几行代码（至少 3 行）即可工作。 JAR 文件名为MSTwitter.jar。

MSTwitter.jar 包含三个文件，其中之一是 MSTwitter。该文件的顶部是解释如何使用 JAR 的 cmets。它们在这里重复：

To use MSTwitter.jar:  
-Project setup:     
    -Create a twitter app on https://dev.twitter.com/apps/ to get:      
        -CONSUMER_KEY a public key(string) used to authenticate your app with Twitter.com       
        -CONSUMER_SECRET a private key(string) used to authenticate your app with Twitter.com       
        You don't need any thing else so authorization url etc are not important for this process   
    -Put twitter4j-core-3.0.2.jar and MSTwitter.jar files in your project's libs directory:         
        -You can download twitter4j from from http://twitter4j.org  
    -Register the jars in your project build path: 
        Project->Properties->Java Build Path->Libraries->Add Jar        
        ->select the jar files you just added to your project's libs directory.
    -Make AndroidManifest.xml modifications         
    -Add <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /> inside manifest section (<manifest>here</manifest>) 
    -Add <uses-permission android:name="com.mindspiker.mstwitter.MSTwitterService" /> inside manifest section
    -Add <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY" /> inside manifest section
    -Add <activity android:name="com.mindspiker.mstwitter.MSTwitterAuthorizer" /> inside application section.
    -Add <service android:name="com.mindspiker.mstwitter.MSTwitterService" /> inside application section.

-Code to add to you calling activity
    -Define a  module MSTwitter variable.
    -In onCreate() allocate a module level MSTwitter variable
        ex: mMTwitter = new MSTWitter(args);]
    -Add code to catch response from MSTwitterAuthorizer in your activity's onActivityResult() 
        ex:@Override  protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data){ mMSTwitter.onCallingActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data); }
    -Call  startTweet(String text, String imagePath) on your MSTwitter object instance.
        if you image is held in memory and not saved to disk call 
        MSTwitter.putBitmapInDiskCache() to save to a temporary file on disk.
    -(Optional) Add a MSTwitterResultReceiver to catch MSTwitter events which are
        fired at various stages of the process. 
        MSTwitterResultReceiver events:
            -MSTWEET_STATUS_AUTHORIZING the app is not authorized and the authorization process is starting.
            -MSTWEET_STATUS_STARTING the app is authorized and sending the tweet text and image is starting.
            -MSTWEET_STATUS_FINSIHED_SUCCCESS the tweet is done and was successful.         
            -MSTWEET_STATUS_FINSIHED_FAILED the tweet is done and failed to complete.    
Notes: 
-If your project compiles but crashes when any twwiter4j object is instantiated a possible cause may be trying to add the jars as external jars instead of the suggested method above. If your libraries directory already exists but is called 'lib', change the name to 'libs'. Sounds crazy I know, but works in some situations. 
-To prevent large images from being passed around between intents images should be  cached to disk and retrieved when used. Only the file name is passed between intents.
-To perform tasks on a separate thread that passes information to and from activities, which could be destroyed at any time (phone call, screen orientation change, etc.), a method using intent services to perform the work and sticky broadcasts to pass the     data was employed. For more on this method and why it was used check out:   http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1111980/how-to-handle-screen-orientation-change-when-progress-dialog-and-background-thre/8074278#8074278

以下文件来自发布带有图片的推文的示例项目。

androidmanifest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.example.imagetweettester" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0" >
    <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8"android:targetSdkVersion="17" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
    <uses-permission android:name="com.mindspiker.mstwitter.MSTwitterService" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY" />
    <application android:allowBackup="true" android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name" android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <activity android:name="com.example.imagetweettester.MainActivity" android:label="@string/app_name" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <activity android:name="com.mindspiker.mstwitter.MSTwitterAuthorizer" />
        <service android:name="com.mindspiker.mstwitter.MSTwitterService" />
    </application>
</manifest>

MainActivity.java

package com.example.imagetweettester;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

import com.mindspiker.mstwitter.MSTwitter;
import com.mindspiker.mstwitter.MSTwitter.MSTwitterResultReceiver;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
/** Consumer Key generated when you registered your app at https://dev.twitter.com/apps/ */
public static final String CONSUMER_KEY = "yourConsumerKeyHere";
/** Consumer Secret generated when you registered your app at https://dev.twitter.com/apps/ */
public static final String CONSUMER_SECRET = "yourConsumerSecretHere"; 
/** module level variables used in different parts of this module */
private MSTwitter mMSTwitter;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

    // setup button to call local tweet() function
    Button tweetButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
    tweetButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener () {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            tweet();
        }
    });

    // make a MSTwitter event handler to receive tweet send events
    MSTwitterResultReceiver myMSTReceiver = new MSTwitterResultReceiver() {
        @Override
        public void onRecieve(int tweetLifeCycleEvent, String tweetMessage) {
            handleTweetMessage(tweetLifeCycleEvent, tweetMessage);
        }
    };

    // create module level MSTwitter object.
    // This object can be destroyed and recreated without interrupting the send tweet process.
    // So no need to save and pass back in savedInstanceState bundle.
    mMSTwitter = new MSTwitter(this, CONSUMER_KEY, CONSUMER_SECRET, myMSTReceiver);
}

@Override 
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data){
    //This MUST MUST be done for authorization to work. If your get a MSTWEET_STATUS_AUTHORIZING 
    // message and nothing else it is most likely because this is not being done.
    mMSTwitter.onCallingActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
}

/**
 * Send tweet using MSTwitter object created in onCreate()
 */
private void tweet() {
    // assemble data

    // get text from layout control
    EditText tweetEditText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText1);
    String textToTweet = tweetEditText.getText().toString();
    // get image from resource
    Bitmap imageToTweet = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.ic_launcher);
    // use MSTwitter function to save image to file because startTweet() takes an image path
    // this is done to avoid passing large image files between intents which is not android best practices 
    String tweetImagePath = MSTwitter.putBitmapInDiskCache(this, imageToTweet);

    // start the tweet
    mMSTwitter.startTweet(textToTweet, tweetImagePath);
}

@SuppressLint("SimpleDateFormat")
private void handleTweetMessage(int event, String message) {

    String note = "";
    switch (event) {
    case MSTwitter.MSTWEET_STATUS_AUTHORIZING:
        note = "Authorizing app with twitter.com";
        break;
    case MSTwitter.MSTWEET_STATUS_STARTING:
        note = "Tweet data send started";
        break;
    case MSTwitter.MSTWEET_STATUS_FINSIHED_SUCCCESS:
        note = "Tweet sent successfully";
        break;
    case MSTwitter.MSTWEET_STATUS_FINSIHED_FAILED:
        note = "Tweet failed:" + message;
        break;
    }

    // add note to results TextView
    SimpleDateFormat timeFmt = new SimpleDateFormat("h:mm:ss.S");
    String timeS = timeFmt.format(new Date());
    TextView resultsTV = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.resultsTextView);
    resultsTV.setText(resultsTV.getText() + "\n[Message received at " + timeS +"]\n" + note);
}
}

activity_main.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="vertical" tools:context=".MainActivity" >
<Button android:id="@+id/button1" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:text="Start Tweet" />
<TextView android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Text to tweet:" />
<EditText android:id="@+id/editText1" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:ems="10" android:text="Test tweet text" >
        <requestFocus />
    </EditText>
    <ImageView android:id="@+id/imageView1" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/ic_launcher"  />
    <TextView  android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content"  android:text="Results:" />
    <TextView android:id="@+id/resultsTextView" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text=""  />
</LinearLayout>

Answer 2

我使用了 MindSpiker 的回答中引用的 jar 文件：

如果我在我的 twitter 应用配置中放置一个随机回调 URL：

我的应用程序打开一个浏览器，我登录并尝试调用回调 url，它在 Twitter 的网络中创建了一个错误。

如果我将其留空：我会收到此错误：

04-02 13:48:49.654: E/MSTwitter(7983): Tweeter Error: 401:Authentication credentials (https://dev.twitter.com/pages/auth) were missing or incorrect. Ensure that you have set valid consumer key/secret, access token/secret, and the system clock is in sync.
04-02 13:48:49.654: E/MSTwitter(7983): <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
04-02 13:48:49.654: E/MSTwitter(7983): <hash>
04-02 13:48:49.654: E/MSTwitter(7983):   <request>/oauth/request_token</request>
04-02 13:48:49.654: E/MSTwitter(7983):   <error>Desktop applications only support the oauth_callback value 'oob'</error>
04-02 13:48:49.654: E/MSTwitter(7983): </hash>
04-02 13:48:49.654: E/MSTwitter(7983): 10f5ada3-e574402b: 401:Authentication credentials (https://dev.twitter.com/pages/auth) were missing or incorrect. Ensure that you have set valid consumer key/secret, access token/secret, and the system clock is in sync.
04-02 13:48:49.654: E/MSTwitter(7983): <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
04-02 13:48:49.654: E/MSTwitter(7983): <hash>
04-02 13:48:49.654: E/MSTwitter(7983):   <request>/oauth/request_token</request>
04-02 13:48:49.654: E/MSTwitter(7983):   <error>Desktop applications only support the oauth_callback value 'oob'</error>
04-02 13:48:49.654: E/MSTwitter(7983): </hash>

我在这里做错了什么？

Answer 3

首先，我要感谢 MindSpiker 提供了这个很棒的包装器。我无法相信在 Android 上发送简单的文本状态有多么困难。在 iOS 中使用正确的库非常简单。而且我还想为你的图书馆做一个小的修复。

像一些用户一样，在我授权我的应用程序后，我也得到了“抱歉该页面不存在”网页，因此我下载了您的代码并从源代码进行了调试。由于一个奇怪的原因，MSTwitterAuthorizer.java 文件上的 shouldOverrideUrlLoading 方法没有以正确的方式触发。这是原始代码：

private class TwitterWebViewClient extends WebViewClient {

    @Override
    public boolean shouldOverrideUrlLoading(WebView view, String url) {
        // see if Twitter.com send back a url containing the callback key

        if (url.contains(MSTwitter.CALLBACK_URL)) {
            // we are done talking with twitter.com so check credentials and finish interface.
            processResponse(url);
            finish();
            return true;
        } else {
            // keep browsing
            view.loadUrl(url);
            return false;
        }
    }
}

我建议添加一个 onPageStarted 事件：

private class TwitterWebViewClient extends WebViewClient {

    @Override
    public void onPageStarted(WebView view, String url,  Bitmap favicon) {

        if (url.contains(MSTwitter.CALLBACK_URL)) {
            // we are done talking with twitter.com so check credentials and finish interface.
            processResponse(url);
            finish();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean shouldOverrideUrlLoading(WebView view, String url) {
        // see if Twitter.com send back a url containing the callback key

        if (url.contains(MSTwitter.CALLBACK_URL)) {
            // we are done talking with twitter.com so check credentials and finish interface.
            processResponse(url);
            finish();
            return true;
        } else {
            // keep browsing
            view.loadUrl(url);
            return false;
        }
    }
}

然后我可以让它在 Android 2.2 上运行 :)

请在 GitHub 上上传您的代码，您可以添加一些额外的方法，例如获取时间线或其他任何方法。身份验证的事情很烦人。

Answer 4

啊，你还需要在twitter dev app设置页面中设置回调url（任何你想要的网页，没关系）:)