如果您将事件设备描述符设为非阻塞(通过使用O_NONBLOCK 标志打开它们),您可以非常轻松地使用`poll() 等待其中一个具有您可以读取的事件。
考虑以下示例程序,example.c:
#define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 200809L
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <linux/input.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
/* Maximum number of input sources, including the terminal. */
#ifndef MAX_INPUTS
#define MAX_INPUTS 32
#endif
/* Maximum wait for events, in milliseconds (1000 ms = 1 second). */
#ifndef INTERVAL_MS
#define INTERVAL_MS 100
#endif
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
unsigned char keys[16];
struct input_event event;
struct termios config, oldconfig;
struct pollfd src[MAX_INPUTS];
size_t srcs, i, done;
ssize_t n;
int arg, nsrcs;
if (!isatty(STDIN_FILENO)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Standard input is not a terminal.\n");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
/* Save old terminal configuration. */
if (tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO, &oldconfig) == -1 ||
tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO, &config) == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot get terminal settings: %s.\n", strerror(errno));
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
/* Set new terminal configuration. */
config.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | PARMRK);
config.c_lflag &= ~(ICANON | ISIG | ECHO | IEXTEN | TOSTOP);
config.c_cc[VMIN] = 0;
config.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
config.c_cc[VSTART] = 0;
config.c_cc[VSTOP] = 0;
if (tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &config) == -1) {
const int saved_errno = errno;
tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &oldconfig);
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot set terminal settings: %s.\n", strerror(saved_errno));
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
/* The very first input source is the terminal. */
src[0].fd = STDIN_FILENO;
src[0].events = POLLIN;
src[0].revents = 0;
srcs = 1;
/* Add input devices from command line. */
for (arg = 1; arg < argc; arg++) {
int fd;
fd = open(argv[arg], O_RDONLY | O_NOCTTY | O_NONBLOCK);
if (fd == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Skipping input device %s: %s.\n", argv[arg], strerror(errno));
continue;
}
if (srcs >= MAX_INPUTS) {
fprintf(stderr, "Too many event sources.\n");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
/* Optional: Grab input device, so only we receive its events. */
ioctl(fd, EVIOCGRAB, 1);
src[srcs].fd = fd;
src[srcs].events = POLLIN;
src[srcs].revents = 0;
srcs++;
}
printf("Ready. Press Q to exit.\n");
fflush(stdout);
done = 0;
while (!done) {
nsrcs = poll(src, srcs, INTERVAL_MS);
if (nsrcs == -1) {
if (errno == EINTR)
continue;
fprintf(stderr, "poll(): %s.\n", strerror(errno));
break;
}
/* Terminal is not an input source. */
if (src[0].revents & POLLIN) {
n = read(src[0].fd, keys, sizeof keys);
if (n > 0) {
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (keys[i] == 'q' || keys[i] == 'Q')
done = 1;
if (keys[i] >= 32 && keys[i] <= 126)
printf("Key '%c' = 0x%02x = %u pressed\n", keys[i], keys[i], keys[i]);
else
if (keys[i])
printf("Key '\\%03o' = 0x%02x = %u pressed\n", keys[i], keys[i], keys[i]);
else
printf("NUL key (0) pressed\n");
}
fflush(stdout);
}
src[0].revents = 0;
}
/* Check the other input sources. */
for (i = 1; i < srcs; i++) {
if (src[i].revents & POLLIN) {
while (1) {
n = read(src[i].fd, &event, sizeof event);
if (n != sizeof event)
break;
if (event.type == EV_KEY && event.code == BTN_LEFT) {
if (event.value > 0)
printf("Left mouse button pressed\n");
else
printf("Left mouse button released\n");
}
if (event.type == EV_KEY && event.code == BTN_RIGHT) {
if (event.value > 0)
printf("Right mouse button pressed\n");
else
printf("Right mouse button released\n");
}
}
fflush(stdout);
}
src[i].revents = 0;
}
}
/* Close input devices. */
for (i = 1; i < srcs; i++)
close(src[i].fd);
/* Restore terminal settings. */
tcsetattr(src[0].fd, TCSAFLUSH, &oldconfig);
printf("All done.\n");
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
使用例如编译它
gcc -Wall -O2 example.c -o example
并使用例如运行它
sudo ./example /dev/input/event5
其中/dev/input/event5 是鼠标事件设备。请注意,您可以阅读/sys/class/input/event5/device/name 以找出设备的名称(就内核所知;这些名称与evtest 以root 身份运行时显示的名称相同)。
如果不确定,可以随时运行
for N in /sys/class/input/event*/device/name ; do
DEV="${N%%/device/name}" ; DEV="/dev/${DEV##/sys/class/}" ;
NAME="$(cat "$N" 2>/dev/null)" ;
printf "%s: %s\n" "$DEV" "$NAME" ;
done
在 Bash 或 Dash 或 POSIX shell 中,查看您可以尝试哪些事件设备。
上面的示例程序必须从终端或控制台运行,因为它也需要从终端输入。它将终端设置为非阻塞非规范模式,在该模式下它可以接收单独的按键。请注意,某些按键(例如光标键和功能键)实际上有几个字符长,以 ESC (\033) 开头。
将输入事件循环拆分为单独的线程也很常见。它只是多出十几行,但是“问题”然后变成了单独的线程如何通知主(或其他)线程新的输入事件/命令已经到达。上面的非阻塞 poll() 方法通常更容易以非常健壮、直接的方式实现。