如何从命令行执行 Python 并忽略某些警告（例如DeprecationWarning），同时将其余部分变成异常？
-W 选项可以多次使用吗？
我面临的具体问题是我在tox/virtualenv 内部运行pytest/pytest-cov，并且因为virtualenv uses an outdated site.py module，当我之前使用-Werror 运行时会抛出DeprecationWarning我可以访问我的代码来捕获它。我想通过至少忽略这个警告来最小化对我的测试的影响，并将其他警告（ImportWarning 等）变成异常，以便我可以在我自己的代码中检测和处理这些警告。
【问题讨论】：
标签： python exception warnings command-line-arguments
手册页确实有这方面的信息，但有点难以阅读。在发布问题之前我找不到这个问题，所以我会看看我是否可以更容易找到：
陷阱：-W 选项被后面的选项掩盖，-Werror 需要出现在之前 -Wignore
按异常过滤：
python -werror -Wignore::PendingDeprecationWarning your_stuff.py
按行过滤：
python -Werror -Wignore::::32 your_stuff.py
忽略第 32 行的警告
按模块/文件过滤：
python -Werror -Wignore:::site: your_stuff.py
忽略来自示例中site.py 模块的任何警告（异常回溯中的最后一个文件）
选项是action:message:category:module:line
手册页：
-W argument
Warning control. Python sometimes prints warning message to sys.stderr. A typical warning message
has the following form: file:line: category: message. By default, each warning is printed once for
each source line where it occurs. This option controls how often warnings are printed. Multiple -W
options may be given; when a warning matches more than one option, the action for the last matching
option is performed. Invalid -W options are ignored (a warning message is printed about invalid
options when the first warning is issued). Warnings can also be controlled from within a Python
program using the warnings module.
The simplest form of argument is one of the following action strings (or a unique abbreviation):
ignore to ignore all warnings; default to explicitly request the default behavior (printing each
warning once per source line); all to print a warning each time it occurs (this may generate many
messages if a warning is triggered repeatedly for the same source line, such as inside a loop); modâ€
ule to print each warning only the first time it occurs in each module; once to print each warning
only the first time it occurs in the program; or error to raise an exception instead of printing a
warning message.
The full form of argument is action:message:category:module:line. Here, action is as explained
above but only applies to messages that match the remaining fields. Empty fields match all values;
trailing empty fields may be omitted. The message field matches the start of the warning message
printed; this match is case-insensitive. The category field matches the warning category. This
must be a class name; the match test whether the actual warning category of the message is a subâ€
class of the specified warning category. The full class name must be given. The module field
matches the (fully-qualified) module name; this match is case-sensitive. The line field matches the
line number, where zero matches all line numbers and is thus equivalent to an omitted line number.
【讨论】：
python -Werror -Wignore::DeprecationWarning your_stuff.py
【讨论】：
:: 是我所缺少的，没有正确阅读文档。