我相信您是正确的,因为没有一种简单的方法可以通过重新采样来进行 welch 校正 anova,但是应该可以将一些东西放在一起以使其工作。
require('Ecdat')
我将使用“Ecdat”包中的“Star”数据集,该数据集着眼于小班教学对标准化考试成绩的影响。
star<-Star
attach(star)
head(star)
tmathssk treadssk classk totexpk sex freelunk race schidkn
2 473 447 small.class 7 girl no white 63
3 536 450 small.class 21 girl no black 20
5 463 439 regular.with.aide 0 boy yes black 19
11 559 448 regular 16 boy no white 69
12 489 447 small.class 5 boy yes white 79
13 454 431 regular 8 boy yes white 5
一些探索性分析:
#bloxplots
boxplot(treadssk ~ classk, ylab="Total Reading Scaled Score")
title("Reading Scores by Class Size")
#histograms
hist(treadssk, xlab="Total Reading Scaled Score")
运行常规方差分析
model1 = aov(treadssk ~ classk, data = star)
summary(model1)
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
classk 2 37201 18601 18.54 9.44e-09 ***
Residuals 5745 5764478 1003
---
Signif. codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
查看方差分析残差
#qqplot
qqnorm(residuals(model1),ylab="Reading Scaled Score")
qqline(residuals(model1),ylab="Reading Scaled Score")
qqplot 显示方差分析残差偏离正常 qqline
#Fitted Y vs. Residuals
plot(fitted(model1), residuals(model1))
拟合的 Y 与残差显示残差的收敛趋势,可以通过 Shapiro-Wilk 检验进行测试以确保
shapiro.test(treadssk[1:5000]) #shapiro.test contrained to sample sizes between 3 and 5000
Shapiro-Wilk normality test
data: treadssk[1:5000]
W = 0.92256, p-value < 2.2e-16
只是确认我们无法假设正态分布。
我们可以使用 bootstrap 来估计真实的 F-dist。
#Bootstrap version (with 10,000 iterations)
mean_read = mean(treadssk)
grpA = treadssk[classk=="regular"] - mean_read[1]
grpB = treadssk[classk=="small.class"] - mean_read[2]
grpC = treadssk[classk=="regular.with.aide"] - mean_read[3]
sim_classk <- classk
R = 10000
sim_Fstar = numeric(R)
for (i in 1:R) {
groupA = sample(grpA, size=2000, replace=T)
groupB = sample(grpB, size=1733, replace=T)
groupC = sample(grpC, size=2015, replace=T)
sim_score = c(groupA,groupB,groupC)
sim_data = data.frame(sim_score,sim_classk)
}
现在我们需要得到组因子的唯一对集合
allPairs <- expand.grid(levels(sim_data$sim_classk), levels(sim_data$sim_classk))
## http://stackoverflow.com/questions/28574006/unique-combination-of-two-columns-in-r/28574136#28574136
allPairs <- unique(t(apply(allPairs, 1, sort)))
allPairs <- allPairs[ allPairs[,1] != allPairs[,2], ]
allPairs
[,1] [,2]
[1,] "regular" "small.class"
[2,] "regular" "regular.with.aide"
[3,] "regular.with.aide" "small.class"
由于 oneway.test() 默认应用 Welch 校正,我们可以在模拟数据上使用它。
allResults <- apply(allPairs, 1, function(p) {
#http://stackoverflow.com/questions/28587498/post-hoc-tests-for-one-way-anova-with-welchs-correction-in-r
dat <- sim_data[sim_data$sim_classk %in% p, ]
ret <- oneway.test(sim_score ~ sim_classk, data = sim_data, na.action = na.omit)
ret$sim_classk <- p
ret
})
length(allResults)
[1] 3
allResults[[1]]
One-way analysis of means (not assuming equal variances)
data: sim_score and sim_classk
F = 1.7741, num df = 2.0, denom df = 1305.9, p-value = 0.170