C ++正则表达式错误[重复]答案

【问题标题】：C++ regex error [duplicate]C ++正则表达式错误[重复]
【发布时间】：2013-12-17 17:03:22
【问题描述】：

我一直在使用 C++ 中的正则表达式，但遇到了一些错误：

这是我的脚本

#include <iostream>
#include <regex>
using namespace std;

string input(string prompt)
{
    cout << prompt;
    string str;
    cin >> str;
    return str;
}

int main() {
    string str;
    while (true) {

        str = input("Enter some text: ");
        regex e("([:w:])+", regex_constants::icase);

        bool match = regex_match(str, e);

        cout << (match? "Matched" : "Not matched") << endl;
    }
}

当我编译并运行 (g++ -std=c++11 test.cpp && ./a.out) 时，我收到以下错误：

Enter some text: abcde
terminate called after throwing an instance of 'std::regex_error'
  what():  regex_error
Aborted (core dumped)

是什么原因造成的？有没有办法解决它？

GCC 版本：gcc version 4.7.2 20121109 (Red Hat 4.7.2-8) (GCC)

好的。我尝试了 boost.regex （没有运气）。你可以在这里找到文件：http://www.mitchr.me/SS/exampleCode/boost/regexExample1.cpp.html

这是g++ test.cpp && ./a.out的输出：

/tmp/ccq38Rqf.o: In function `char boost::re_detail::global_lower<char>(char)':
test.cpp:(.text._ZN5boost9re_detail12global_lowerIcEET_S2_[_ZN5boost9re_detail12global_lowerIcEET_S2_]+0x14): undefined reference to `boost::re_detail::do_global_lower(char)'
/tmp/ccq38Rqf.o: In function `char boost::re_detail::global_upper<char>(char)':
test.cpp:(.text._ZN5boost9re_detail12global_upperIcEET_S2_[_ZN5boost9re_detail12global_upperIcEET_S2_]+0x14): undefined reference to `boost::re_detail::do_global_upper(char)'
/tmp/ccq38Rqf.o: In function `bool boost::regex_match<char const*, std::allocator<boost::sub_match<char const*> >, char, boost::regex_traits<char, boost::cpp_regex_traits<char> > >(char const*, char const*, boost::match_results<char const*, std::allocator<boost::sub_match<char const*> > >&, boost::basic_regex<char, boost::regex_traits<char, boost::cpp_regex_traits<char> > > const&, boost::regex_constants::_match_flags)':
test.cpp:(.text._ZN5boost11regex_matchIPKcSaINS_9sub_matchIS2_EEEcNS_12regex_traitsIcNS_16cpp_regex_traitsIcEEEEEEbT_SA_RNS_13match_resultsISA_T0_EERKNS_11basic_regexIT1_T2_EENS_15regex_constants12_match_flagsE[_ZN5boost11regex_matchIPKcSaINS_9sub_matchIS2_EEEcNS_12regex_traitsIcNS_16cpp_regex_traitsIcEEEEEEbT_SA_RNS_13match_resultsISA_T0_EERKNS_11basic_regexIT1_T2_EENS_15regex_constants12_match_flagsE]+0x77): undefined reference to `boost::re_detail::perl_matcher<char const*, std::allocator<boost::sub_match<char const*> >, boost::regex_traits<char, boost::cpp_regex_traits<char> > >::match()'
/tmp/ccq38Rqf.o: In function `boost::basic_regex<char, boost::regex_traits<char, boost::cpp_regex_traits<char> > >::assign(char const*, char const*, unsigned int)':
test.cpp:(.text._ZN5boost11basic_regexIcNS_12regex_traitsIcNS_16cpp_regex_traitsIcEEEEE6assignEPKcS7_j[_ZN5boost11basic_regexIcNS_12regex_traitsIcNS_16cpp_regex_traitsIcEEEEE6assignEPKcS7_j]+0x2a): undefined reference to `boost::basic_regex<char, boost::regex_traits<char, boost::cpp_regex_traits<char> > >::do_assign(char const*, char const*, unsigned int)'
/tmp/ccq38Rqf.o: In function `boost::re_detail::perl_matcher<char const*, std::allocator<boost::sub_match<char const*> >, boost::regex_traits<char, boost::cpp_regex_traits<char> > >::perl_matcher(char const*, char const*, boost::match_results<char const*, std::allocator<boost::sub_match<char const*> > >&, boost::basic_regex<char, boost::regex_traits<char, boost::cpp_regex_traits<char> > > const&, boost::regex_constants::_match_flags, char const*)':
test.cpp:(.text._ZN5boost9re_detail12perl_matcherIPKcSaINS_9sub_matchIS3_EEENS_12regex_traitsIcNS_16cpp_regex_traitsIcEEEEEC2ES3_S3_RNS_13match_resultsIS3_S6_EERKNS_11basic_regexIcSA_EENS_15regex_constants12_match_flagsES3_[_ZN5boost9re_detail12perl_matcherIPKcSaINS_9sub_matchIS3_EEENS_12regex_traitsIcNS_16cpp_regex_traitsIcEEEEEC5ES3_S3_RNS_13match_resultsIS3_S6_EERKNS_11basic_regexIcSA_EENS_15regex_constants12_match_flagsES3_]+0xf6): undefined reference to `boost::re_detail::perl_matcher<char const*, std::allocator<boost::sub_match<char const*> >, boost::regex_traits<char, boost::cpp_regex_traits<char> > >::construct_init(boost::basic_regex<char, boost::regex_traits<char, boost::cpp_regex_traits<char> > > const&, boost::regex_constants::_match_flags)'
/tmp/ccq38Rqf.o: In function `bool boost::regex_search<char const*, std::allocator<boost::sub_match<char const*> >, char, boost::regex_traits<char, boost::cpp_regex_traits<char> > >(char const*, char const*, boost::match_results<char const*, std::allocator<boost::sub_match<char const*> > >&, boost::basic_regex<char, boost::regex_traits<char, boost::cpp_regex_traits<char> > > const&, boost::regex_constants::_match_flags, char const*)':
test.cpp:(.text._ZN5boost12regex_searchIPKcSaINS_9sub_matchIS2_EEEcNS_12regex_traitsIcNS_16cpp_regex_traitsIcEEEEEEbT_SA_RNS_13match_resultsISA_T0_EERKNS_11basic_regexIT1_T2_EENS_15regex_constants12_match_flagsESA_[_ZN5boost12regex_searchIPKcSaINS_9sub_matchIS2_EEEcNS_12regex_traitsIcNS_16cpp_regex_traitsIcEEEEEEbT_SA_RNS_13match_resultsISA_T0_EERKNS_11basic_regexIT1_T2_EENS_15regex_constants12_match_flagsESA_]+0xa2): undefined reference to `boost::re_detail::perl_matcher<char const*, std::allocator<boost::sub_match<char const*> >, boost::regex_traits<char, boost::cpp_regex_traits<char> > >::find()'
/tmp/ccq38Rqf.o: In function `bool boost::regex_search<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<char const*, std::string>, std::allocator<boost::sub_match<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<char const*, std::string> > >, char, boost::regex_traits<char, boost::cpp_regex_traits<char> > >(__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<char const*, std::string>, __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<char const*, std::string>, boost::match_results<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<char const*, std::string>, std::allocator<boost::sub_match<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<char const*, std::string> > > >&, boost::basic_regex<char, boost::regex_traits<char, boost::cpp_regex_traits<char> > > const&, boost::regex_constants::_match_flags, __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<char const*, std::string>)':
test.cpp:(.text._ZN5boost12regex_searchIN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iteratorIPKcSsEESaINS_9sub_matchIS5_EEEcNS_12regex_traitsIcNS_16cpp_regex_traitsIcEEEEEEbT_SD_RNS_13match_resultsISD_T0_EERKNS_11basic_regexIT1_T2_EENS_15regex_constants12_match_flagsESD_[_ZN5boost12regex_searchIN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iteratorIPKcSsEESaINS_9sub_matchIS5_EEEcNS_12regex_traitsIcNS_16cpp_regex_traitsIcEEEEEEbT_SD_RNS_13match_resultsISD_T0_EERKNS_11basic_regexIT1_T2_EENS_15regex_constants12_match_flagsESD_]+0xa2): undefined reference to `boost::re_detail::perl_matcher<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<char const*, std::string>, std::allocator<boost::sub_match<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<char const*, std::string> > >, boost::regex_traits<char, boost::cpp_regex_traits<char> > >::find()'
/tmp/ccq38Rqf.o: In function `boost::re_detail::perl_matcher<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<char const*, std::string>, std::allocator<boost::sub_match<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<char const*, std::string> > >, boost::regex_traits<char, boost::cpp_regex_traits<char> > >::perl_matcher(__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<char const*, std::string>, __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<char const*, std::string>, boost::match_results<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<char const*, std::string>, std::allocator<boost::sub_match<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<char const*, std::string> > > >&, boost::basic_regex<char, boost::regex_traits<char, boost::cpp_regex_traits<char> > > const&, boost::regex_constants::_match_flags, __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<char const*, std::string>)':
test.cpp:(.text._ZN5boost9re_detail12perl_matcherIN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iteratorIPKcSsEESaINS_9sub_matchIS6_EEENS_12regex_traitsIcNS_16cpp_regex_traitsIcEEEEEC2ES6_S6_RNS_13match_resultsIS6_S9_EERKNS_11basic_regexIcSD_EENS_15regex_constants12_match_flagsES6_[_ZN5boost9re_detail12perl_matcherIN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iteratorIPKcSsEESaINS_9sub_matchIS6_EEENS_12regex_traitsIcNS_16cpp_regex_traitsIcEEEEEC5ES6_S6_RNS_13match_resultsIS6_S9_EERKNS_11basic_regexIcSD_EENS_15regex_constants12_match_flagsES6_]+0x116): undefined reference to `boost::re_detail::perl_matcher<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<char const*, std::string>, std::allocator<boost::sub_match<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<char const*, std::string> > >, boost::regex_traits<char, boost::cpp_regex_traits<char> > >::construct_init(boost::basic_regex<char, boost::regex_traits<char, boost::cpp_regex_traits<char> > > const&, boost::regex_constants::_match_flags)'
/tmp/ccq38Rqf.o: In function `boost::re_detail::basic_regex_formatter<boost::re_detail::string_out_iterator<std::string>, boost::match_results<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<char const*, std::string>, std::allocator<boost::sub_match<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<char const*, std::string> > > >, boost::regex_traits_wrapper<boost::regex_traits<char, boost::cpp_regex_traits<char> > >, char const*>::toi(char const*&, char const*, int, mpl_::bool_<true> const&)':
test.cpp:(.text._ZN5boost9re_detail21basic_regex_formatterINS0_19string_out_iteratorISsEENS_13match_resultsIN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iteratorIPKcSsEESaINS_9sub_matchIS9_EEEEENS_20regex_traits_wrapperINS_12regex_traitsIcNS_16cpp_regex_traitsIcEEEEEES8_E3toiERS8_S8_iRKN4mpl_5bool_ILb1EEE[_ZN5boost9re_detail21basic_regex_formatterINS0_19string_out_iteratorISsEENS_13match_resultsIN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iteratorIPKcSsEESaINS_9sub_matchIS9_EEEEENS_20regex_traits_wrapperINS_12regex_traitsIcNS_16cpp_regex_traitsIcEEEEEES8_E3toiERS8_S8_iRKN4mpl_5bool_ILb1EEE]+0x31): undefined reference to `boost::cpp_regex_traits<char>::toi(char const*&, char const*, int) const'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

【问题讨论】：

gcc 4.7.2 不支持regex
原因是 GCC 对正则表达式的“实现”，大部分是不存在的。你不会从中学到任何有用的东西。
@Cubbi - 我一直对 GCC 如何通过这一点感到惊讶。如果微软发布了这样的垃圾，那么 cmets 就不会那么宽容了。
@Pete Jonathan Wakely 有一个explaination 发生的事情。我确实同意你的观点，但我也可以看出，当你免费收到的东西并没有达到你想要的效果时，宽恕是多么容易，而不是你已经支付的东西:)
@Praetorian - 它是如何发生的并不重要。他们故意运送垃圾。

标签： c++ regex c++11 g++

【解决方案1】：

<regex> 直到几个月前才在 GCC 中实现（尽管它的一些函数可以在没有警告的情况下编译）：http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=53631#c17

要试验 TR1/C++11 正则表达式，您需要使用 boost.regex、gcc 4.9 或其他标准库实现（例如 libc++）

【讨论】：

Cubbi，查看我修改后的答案。我发布了 boost.regex 测试的输出
@Vik2015 链接正确吗？
@Vik2015 boost.regex 不是一个只有头文件的库。 -lboost_regex
@Cubbi, cannot find -lboost_regex
@Vik2015 你需要指向 boost lib 目录，比如-L/usr/share/boost/lib