在两个文件中找到唯一的句子

Question

我有两个文件，我正在尝试在两个文件之间打印唯一的句子。为此，我在 python 中使用 difflib。

text ='Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines. Perhaps the oldest through its inclusion of astronomy. Over the last two millennia. Physics was a part of natural philosophy along with chemistry.'
text1 ='Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines. Physics was a part of natural philosophy along with chemistry. Quantum chemistry is a branch of chemistry.'
import difflib

differ = difflib.Differ()
diff = differ.compare(text,text1)
print '\n'.join(diff)

它没有给我想要的输出。它给了我这样的。

  P
  h
  y
  s
  i
  c
  s

  i
  s

  o
  n
  e

  o
  f

  t
  h
  e

我想要的输出只是两个文件之间的唯一句子。

text = 也许是最古老的，因为它包含了天文学。超过 过去两千年。

text1 = 量子化学是化学的一个分支。

另外，似乎 difflib.Differ 是逐行而不是逐句进行的。请有任何建议。我怎么能这样做？

Answer 1

首先，事实上，Differ().compare() 比较的是行，而不是句子。

其次，它实际上比较序列，例如字符串列表。但是，您传递的是两个字符串，而不是两个字符串列表。由于字符串也是一个（字符）序列，因此 Differ().compare() 在您的情况下会比较各个字符。

如果要按句子比较文件，则必须准备两个句子列表。您可以使用 nltk.sent_tokenize(text) 将字符串拆分为句子。

diff = differ.compare(nltk.sent_tokenize(text),nltk.sent_tokenize(text1))
print('\n'.join(diff))
#  Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines.
#- Perhaps the oldest through its inclusion of astronomy.
#- Over the last two millennia.
#  Physics was a part of natural philosophy along with chemistry.
#+ Quantum chemistry is a branch of chemistry.

Answer 2

正如上面 DZinoviev 所说，您将字符串传递给需要列表的函数。您不需要使用 NLTK，而是可以通过拆分句点将字符串转换为句子列表。

import difflib

text1 ="""Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines. Perhaps the oldest through its inclusion of astronomy. Over the last two millennia. Physics was a part of natural philosophy along with chemistry."""
text2 ="""Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines. Physics was a part of natural philosophy along with chemistry. Quantum chemistry is a branch of chemistry."""

list1 = list(text1.split("."))
list2 = list(text2.split("."))

differ = difflib.Differ()
diff = differ.compare(list1,list2)
print "\n".join(diff)