Django 部署 Gunicorn 和 NginX

Question

在尝试最终部署我的新漫游车网络应用时，出现了问题。我已经配置了 Gunicorn 并将其绑定到 0.0.0.0:80（使用 wsgi）。网站加载，但没有任何图像、css、javascript 文件（甚至“管理”站点也没有任何样式）。 Postgres 已安装并运行良好。我已经做了

python manage.py collectstatic
python manage.py migrate

我看了很多教程如何做到这一点。但是在我尝试运行之后：

systemctl status nginx.service

我得到一个错误：

Job for nginx.service failed because the control process exited with error code. 
See "systemctl status nginx.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.


#systemctl status nginx.service output:

● nginx.service - A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since śro 2018-11-28 02:57:12 CET; 1min 13s ago
  Process: 14721 ExecStop=/sbin/start-stop-daemon --quiet --stop --retry QUIT/5 --pidfile /run/nginx.pid (code=exited, status=2)
  Process: 25481 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on; (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
  Process: 25477 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t -q -g daemon on; master_process on; (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 10279 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

nginx[25481]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx[25481]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx[25481]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx[25481]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx[25481]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx[25481]: nginx: [emerg] still could not bind()
systemd[1]: nginx.service: Control process exited, code=exited status=1
systemd[1]: Failed to start A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server.
systemd[1]: nginx.service: Unit entered failed state.
systemd[1]: nginx.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.




#journalctl -xe output:

sshd[5669]: Received disconnect from 181.15.216.20 port 42140:11: Bye Bye [preauth]
sshd[5669]: Disconnected from 181.15.216.20 port 42140 [preauth]
sudo[5773]: djangosu : TTY=pts/5 ; PWD=/home/djangosu ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/systemctl restart nginx
sudo[5773]: pam_unix(sudo:session): session opened for user root by djangosu(uid=0)
systemd[1]: Stopped A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server.
-- Subject: Unit nginx.service has finished shutting down
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
-- 
-- Unit nginx.service has finished shutting down.
systemd[1]: Starting A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server...
-- Subject: Unit nginx.service has begun start-up
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
-- 
-- Unit nginx.service has begun starting up.
nginx[5957]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx[5957]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address aginx[5957]: nginx: [emerg] still could not bind()
systemd[1]: nginx.service: Control process exited, code=exited status=1
systemd[1]: Failed to start A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server.
-- Subject: Unit nginx.service has failed
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
-- 
-- Unit nginx.service has failed.
-- 
-- The result is failed.
systemd[1]: nginx.service: Unit entered failed state.
systemd[1]: nginx.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
sudo[5773]: pam_unix(sudo:session): session closed for user root
sudo[6331]: djangosu : TTY=pts/5 ; PWD=/home/djangosu ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/journalctl -xe
sudo[6331]: pam_unix(sudo:session): session opened for user root by djangosu(uid=0)lready in use)
nginx[5957]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx[5957]: nginx: [emerg] still could not bind()
systemd[1]: nginx.service: Control process exited, code=exited status=1
systemd[1]: Failed to start A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server.
-- Subject: Unit nginx.service has failed
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
-- 
-- Unit nginx.service has failed.
-- 
-- The result is failed.
systemd[1]: nginx.service: Unit entered failed state.
systemd[1]: nginx.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
sudo[5773]: pam_unix(sudo:session): session closed for user root
sudo[6331]: djangosu : TTY=pts/5 ; PWD=/home/djangosu ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/journalctl -xe
sudo[6331]: pam_unix(sudo:session): session opened for user root by djangosu(uid=0)

/etc/systemd/system/gunicorn.socket 文件：

[Unit]
Description=gunicorn socket

[Socket]
ListenStream=/run/gunicorn.sock

[Install]
WantedBy=sockets.target

/etc/systemd/system/gunicorn.service 文件：

[Unit]
Description=gunicorn daemon
Requires=gunicorn.socket
After=network.target

[Service]
User=djangosu
Group=djangosu
WorkingDirectory=/home/djangosu/website/rover-Project
ExecStart=/home/djangosu/website/rover-env/bin/gunicorn \
          --access-logfile - \
          --workers 3 \
          --bind unix:/run/gunicorn.sock \
          rover.wsgi:application

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

站点可用的“流动站”文件（与项目名称相同）（我已经将其链接到启用站点）：

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name :333 ;

    location = /favicon.ico { access_log off; log_not_found off; }
    location /static/ {
        root /home/.../website/rover/rover;
    }

    location / {
        include proxy_params;
        proxy_pass http://unix:/run/gunicorn.sock;
    }
}

gunicorn.sock 存在于 /run/ 目录中......有什么建议吗？

发行说明：

Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 16.04.5 LTS
Release:    16.04
Codename:   xenial

Answer 1

nginx 告诉你，它不能绑定到端口 80，因为其他进程已经在监听这个端口。您可以在此处的日志输出中看到这一点：

nginx[5957]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)

要检查哪个进程正在侦听此端口，您可以使用 netstat 或更好的 ss：

~# ss -naptu 状态监听 | grep：80 tcp 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* 用户:(("nginx",pid=6824,fd=4),("nginx",pid=6823,fd=4)) ~# netstat -tulpen | grep：80 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 136280382 6823/nginx：主

最后一列会显示进程名和监听端口的进程的pid。