无法让 gunicorn 在 EC2 上运行

Question

我正在关注tutorial 在 AWS EC2 中设置 Django-gunicorn-nginx 服务器。安装所有依赖项并在 wsgi.py 中进行如下更改后

import os, sys
# add the hellodjango project path into the sys.path
sys.path.append('/home/ubuntu/project/ToDo-application/')

# add the virtualenv site-packages path to the sys.path
sys.path.append('/home/ubuntu/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages')

# poiting to the project settings
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "todo_app.settings")

from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
application = get_wsgi_application()

我运行gunicorn todo_app.wsgi 并得到以下错误：

ubuntu@ip-172-31-61-163:~/project/ToDo-application$ gunicorn todo_app.wsgi
[2018-11-07 11:25:35 +0000] [8211] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 19.7.1
[2018-11-07 11:25:35 +0000] [8211] [INFO] Listening at: http://127.0.0.1:8000 (8211)
[2018-11-07 11:25:35 +0000] [8211] [INFO] Using worker: sync
[2018-11-07 11:25:35 +0000] [8215] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 8215
[2018-11-07 11:25:35 +0000] [8215] [ERROR] Exception in worker process
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 578, in spawn_worker
    worker.init_process()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 126, in init_process
    self.load_wsgi()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 135, in load_wsgi
    self.wsgi = self.app.wsgi()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 67, in wsgi
    self.callable = self.load()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 65, in load
    return self.load_wsgiapp()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 52, in load_wsgiapp
    return util.import_app(self.app_uri)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gunicorn/util.py", line 377, in import_app
    __import__(module)
  File "/home/ubuntu/urbanpiper/ToDo-application/todo_app/wsgi.py", line 20, in <module>
    from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
  File "/home/ubuntu/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 1, in <module>
    from django.utils.version import get_version
  File "/home/ubuntu/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/utils/version.py", line 71, in <module>
    @functools.lru_cache()
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'lru_cache'

这是因为 gunicorn 具有 python2 依赖项而 Django 在 python3 上？我尝试卸载 gunicorn 并再次尝试，但没有成功。

Answer 1

# WRONG:
# add the virtualenv site-packages path to the sys.path
sys.path.append('/home/ubuntu/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages')

您应该为您希望在服务器上托管的每个 uwsgi 应用程序创建一个virutalenv，而不是将 virtualenv 设置为上面的路径。如果您逐字阅读链接的教程，那么这是需要更多解释的部分：

创建一个 virtualenv 并安装您的 pip 要求

基本上：

# install virtualenv3
sudo apt-get install virtualenv3
# create the virtual environment, specifically for the stated python version
virtualenv -p python3.6 TITLE_OF_VENV

# You now have a directory called TITLE_OF_VENV (You may wish to replace this 
# with something more subtle).

# Activate the virtualenv for your current shell session
. TITLE_OF_VENV/bin/activate
# The dot above is intentional and is a quick way to write source, which 
# imports the environment vars

您的 shell 提示符现在应该如下所示：(TITLE_OF_VENV) ubuntu@ip-172-31-61-163:~/project/ToDo-application$ 表示 venv 处于活动状态。要退出 venv，请运行命令 deactivate。

您在此处使用 pip 安装的任何内容都将存在于目录TITLE_OF_VENV/python3.6/site-packages 中（当此虚拟环境处于活动状态时）。这样做的好处是可以将不同的项目需求分开。

测试 python 版本（venv 仍然处于活动状态）：

(TITLE_OF_VENV)$ python --version
Python 3.6

现在将 gunicorn 连同任何其他项目要求一起安装到此虚拟环境中：

(TITLE_OF_VENV)$ pip install gunicorn
(TITLE_OF_VENV)$ pip install -r requirements.txt 

更新你的 uwsgi.py：

import os
# poiting to the project settings
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "todo_app.settings")

from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
application = get_wsgi_application()

然后从虚拟环境中启动它：

(TITLE_OF_VENV)$ gunicorn todo_app.wsgi:application

您也可以在 gunicorn 命令中添加-D 标志，使其在后台运行。也不要让这个服务器公开访问。如果是生产盒子，需要在nginx后面运行！