django rest 错误 - AttributeError：模块'collections'没有属性'MutableMapping'答案

【问题标题】：django rest Error - AttributeError: module 'collections' has no attribute 'MutableMapping'django rest 错误 - AttributeError：模块'collections'没有属性'MutableMapping'
【发布时间】：2021-10-06 11:01:45
【问题描述】：

我正在构建 Django 应用程序，它在我的机器上运行良好，但是当我在 docker 容器中运行时，它的 rest 框架不断崩溃，但是当我评论任何与 rest 框架的连接时，它工作正常。

我的机器：Kali Linux 2021.3
docker 机器：Raspberry Pi 4 4gb
docker 容器镜像：python:rc-alpine3.14
我机器上的python版本：Python 3.9.7
容器上的python版本：Python 3.10.0rc2

错误输出：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/app/manage.py", line 22, in <module>
    main()
  File "/app/manage.py", line 18, in main
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 419, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 413, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/test.py", line 23, in run_from_argv
    super().run_from_argv(argv)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 354, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 398, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/test.py", line 55, in handle
    failures = test_runner.run_tests(test_labels)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/test/runner.py", line 728, in run_tests
    self.run_checks(databases)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/test/runner.py", line 665, in run_checks
    call_command('check', verbosity=self.verbosity, databases=databases)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 181, in call_command
    return command.execute(*args, **defaults)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 398, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/check.py", line 63, in handle
    self.check(
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 419, in check
    all_issues = checks.run_checks(
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/checks/registry.py", line 76, in run_checks
    new_errors = check(app_configs=app_configs, databases=databases)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/checks/urls.py", line 13, in check_url_config
    return check_resolver(resolver)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/checks/urls.py", line 23, in check_resolver
    return check_method()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 412, in check
    for pattern in self.url_patterns:
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 48, in __get__
    res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 598, in url_patterns
    patterns = getattr(self.urlconf_module, "urlpatterns", self.urlconf_module)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 48, in __get__
    res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 591, in urlconf_module
    return import_module(self.urlconf_name)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1050, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1027, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 688, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 883, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/app/project/urls.py", line 24, in <module>
    path("", include("apps.urls", namespace="apps")),
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/urls/conf.py", line 34, in include
    urlconf_module = import_module(urlconf_module)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1050, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1027, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 688, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 883, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/app/apps/urls.py", line 3, in <module>
    from . import api
  File "/app/apps/api.py", line 1, in <module>
    from .serializers import *
  File "/app/apps/serializers.py", line 1, in <module>
    from rest_framework import serializers
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/rest_framework/serializers.py", line 27, in <module>
    from rest_framework.compat import postgres_fields
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/rest_framework/compat.py", line 59, in <module>
    import requests
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/requests/__init__.py", line 63, in <module>
    from . import utils
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/requests/utils.py", line 27, in <module>
    from .cookies import RequestsCookieJar, cookiejar_from_dict
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/requests/cookies.py", line 172, in <module>
    class RequestsCookieJar(cookielib.CookieJar, collections.MutableMapping):
AttributeError: module 'collections' has no attribute 'MutableMapping'

Dockerfile

FROM python:rc-alpine3.14

COPY . /app 
WORKDIR /app

ENV UWSGI_PROFILE=core
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=TRUE
RUN apk add --update --no-cache g++ gcc libxslt-dev # add some nessery libs
RUN apk add python3-dev build-base linux-headers pcre-dev
RUN pip3 install -U pip # upgrade pip
RUN apk update \
    && apk add --virtual build-deps gcc python3-dev musl-dev \
    && apk add jpeg-dev zlib-dev libjpeg \
    && pip install Pillow \
    && apk del build-deps


RUN apk add --no-cache --virtual=build-dependencies wget ca-certificates && \
    wget "https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py" -O /dev/stdout | python


RUN pip install uwsgi

RUN pip3 install -r requirements.txt # install all requirements
RUN python uploadstatics.py

EXPOSE 80
CMD ["gunicorn","project.wsgi:application", "-b 0.0.0.0:8060"]

注意事项：

我使用 gunicorn 运行应用程序（即使我不是从 manage.py 运行也会显示错误）

【问题讨论】：

您使用的是 python 3.10，它删除了它，改用 python 3.9。

标签： python django linux django-rest-framework gunicorn

【解决方案1】：

您可以降级您的 Python 版本。那应该可以解决您的问题；如果没有，请使用 collections.abc.Mapping 而不是已弃用的 collections.Mapping。

参考这里：Link

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

在您的 docker 文件中，您将图像设置为使用 python 3.10 的 python:rc-alpine3.14。考虑到 3.10 是最近发布的，许多软件包尚未升级，并且取决于您在 requirements.txt 中的版本限制，这也可能导致版本不兼容。这里的问题是 Django Rest 框架使用了使用 collections.MutableMapping 的 requests 包，如果我在 python 3.9 中编写它，我会收到以下警告，说明这将在 3.10 中删除，因此您现在应该降级到 python 3.9：

Warning (from warnings module):
  File "<pyshell#1>", line 1
DeprecationWarning: Using or importing the ABCs from 'collections' instead of from 'collections.abc' is deprecated since Python 3.3, and in 3.10 it will stop working

将python:rc-alpine3.14 写成图片的另一件事就是要求您的代码中断！指定一个特定的稳定和发布版本，而不是候选发布rc：

FROM python:3.9.7-alpine3.14

...

【讨论】：