简答和介绍
如何向 gtk.TreeStore 添加不同层次结构中列数不同的数据？
很简单：你不能。 GtkListStore 和 GtkTreeStore 旨在保存
数据作为表格。列通过索引和数据以固定方式定义
类型。 ListStore 和 TreeStore 之间的唯一区别是在
TreeStore，行有层次结构。更糟糕的是，GtkTreeView 小部件也
期望将数据存储为表，因为每一行都将无条件地获取
单元格使用它们的列索引，并希望在那里找到一些东西。
除非您编写自己的小部件，否则but you probably don't want to
（天哪，这个文件有 16570 行长……）。
但是，如果您不能编写自己的小部件，您仍然可以编写自己的小部件
模型。这会给你一些灵活性。
另外，是否可以在 gtk.TreeStore 中显示每一行的列名？
在 TreeView 中显示数据涉及两个组件：GtkTreeView 本身，
在 TreeStore 中获取数据并显示它们。 TreeView 小部件没有
具有为每一行显示标题的功能。但是有一些技巧
处理模型和视图之间的数据，这可能会以期望的方式结束
效果，虽然可能不是那么好。
基础知识
因此，TreeView 期望在数据表上工作，我们无法更改它。
好的。但是我们仍然可以欺骗它认为数据是一个表格，而实际上
它不是......让我们从视图开始。我们至少需要五列来显示
父母的数据。然后孩子们只能使用其中的三列
这五个，所以这很好。
请注意，模型的列并不总是映射到树视图中的列。
它们实际上映射到单元格渲染器的某些属性。例如，您可以
在模型中有一个定义行背景颜色的列，
或定义要显示的图标的列。视图中的列只是一种方式
对齐单元格渲染器组，可能在标题下。但在这里，让我们
假设所有值都是文本，应该在它的单个 CellRendererText 中
自己的专栏。
父母将使用所有五列，而孩子将仅使用第 2、3 列
和 4. 然后我们将欺骗模型在没有数据时返回一个空文本
可用于目标单元格。
创建一个新的 TreeModel
关于在 PyGTK 中实现自定义 GtkTreeModel 的一些解释是
在this tutorial 中可用。
这是sample implementation of it：
import pygtk
pygtk.require('2.0')
import gtk
data = [
[('val_a1', 'val_b1', 'val_c1', 'val_d1', 'val_e1'), ('val_x1', 'val_y1', 'val_z1'), ('val_x2', 'val_y2', 'val_z2')],
[('val_a2', 'val_b2', 'val_c2', 'val_d2', 'val_e2'), ('val_x3', 'val_y3', 'val_z3')],
[('val_a3', 'val_b3', 'val_c3', 'val_d3', 'val_e3')],
[('val_a4', 'val_b4', 'val_c4', 'val_d4', 'val_e4'), ('val_x4', 'val_y4', 'val_z4'), ('val_x5', 'val_y5', 'val_z5')],
]
class MyTreeModel(gtk.GenericTreeModel):
# The columns exposed by the model to the view
column_types = (str, str, str, str, str)
def __init__(self, data):
gtk.GenericTreeModel.__init__(self)
self.data = data
def on_get_flags(self):
"""
Get Model capabilities
"""
return gtk.TREE_MODEL_ITERS_PERSIST
def on_get_n_columns(self):
"""
Get number of columns in the model
"""
return len(self.column_types)
def on_get_column_type(self, n):
"""
Get data type of a specified column in the model
"""
return self.column_types[n]
def on_get_iter(self, path):
"""
Obtain a reference to the row at path. For us, this is a tuple that
contain the position of the row in the double list of data.
"""
if len(path) > 2:
return None # Invalid path
parent_idx = path[0]
if parent_idx >= len(self.data):
return None # Invalid path
first_level_list = self.data[parent_idx]
if len(path) == 1:
# Access the parent at index 0 in the first level list
return (parent_idx, 0)
else:
# Access a child, at index path[1] + 1 (0 is the parent)
child_idx = path[1] + 1
if child_idx >= len(first_level_list):
return None # Invalid path
else:
return (parent_idx, child_idx)
def on_get_path(self, iter_):
"""
Get a path from a rowref (this is the inverse of on_get_iter)
"""
parent_idx, child_idx = iter_
if child_idx == 0:
return (parent_idx, )
else:
(parent_idx, child_idx-1)
def on_get_value(self, iter_, column):
"""
This is where the view asks for values. This is thus where we
start mapping our data model to a fake table to present to the view
"""
parent_idx, child_idx = iter_
item = self.data[parent_idx][child_idx]
# For parents, map columns 1:1 to data
if child_idx == 0:
return item[column]
# For children, we have to fake some columns
else:
if column == 0 or column == 4:
return "" # Fake empty text
else:
return item[column-1] # map 1, 2, 3 to 0, 1, 2.
def on_iter_next(self, iter_):
"""
Get the next sibling of the item pointed by iter_
"""
parent_idx, child_idx = iter_
# For parents, point to the next parent
if child_idx == 0:
next_parent_idx = parent_idx + 1
if next_parent_idx < len(self.data):
return (next_parent_idx, 0)
else:
return None
# For children, get next tuple in the list
else:
next_child_idx = child_idx + 1
if next_child_idx < len(self.data[parent_idx]):
return (parent_idx, next_child_idx)
else:
return None
def on_iter_has_child(self, iter_):
"""
Tells if the row referenced by iter_ has children
"""
parent_idx, child_idx = iter_
if child_idx == 0 and len(self.data[parent_idx]) > 1:
return True
else:
return False
def on_iter_children(self, iter_):
"""
Return a row reference to the first child row of the row specified
by iter_. If iter_ is None, a reference to the first top level row
is returned. If there is no child row None is returned.
"""
if iter_ is None:
return (0, 0)
parent_idx, child_idx = iter_
if self.on_iter_has_child(iter_):
return (parent_idx, 1)
else:
return None
def on_iter_n_children(self, iter_):
"""
Return the number of child rows that the row specified by iter_
has. If iter_ is None, the number of top level rows is returned.
"""
if iter_ is None:
return len(self.data)
else:
parent_idx, child_idx = iter_
if child_idx == 0:
return len(self.data[parent_idx]) - 1
else:
return 0
def on_iter_nth_child(self, iter_, n):
"""
Return a row reference to the nth child row of the row specified by
iter_. If iter_ is None, a reference to the nth top level row is
returned.
"""
if iter_ is None:
if n < len(self.data):
return (n, 0)
else:
return None
else:
parent_idx, child_idx = iter_
if child_idx == 0:
if n+1 < len(self.data[parent_idx]):
return (parent_idx, n+1)
else:
return None
else:
return None
def on_iter_parent(self, iter_):
"""
Get a reference to the parent
"""
parent_idx, child_idx = iter_
if child_idx == 0:
return None
else:
return (parent_idx, 0)
class BasicTreeViewExample:
def delete_event(self, widget, event, data=None):
gtk.main_quit()
return False
def __init__(self):
self.window = gtk.Window(gtk.WINDOW_TOPLEVEL)
self.window.set_title("Basic TreeView Example")
self.window.set_size_request(200, 200)
self.window.connect("delete_event", self.delete_event)
# Create the model with data in it
self.model = MyTreeModel(data)
self.treeview = gtk.TreeView(self.model)
for i in range(5):
tvcolumn = gtk.TreeViewColumn('Column %s' % (i))
self.treeview.append_column(tvcolumn)
cell = gtk.CellRendererText()
tvcolumn.pack_start(cell, True)
tvcolumn.add_attribute(cell, 'text', i)
self.window.add(self.treeview)
self.window.show_all()
def main():
gtk.main()
if __name__ == "__main__":
tvexample = BasicTreeViewExample()
main()
结果：
在单元格中伪造标题
现在让我们使用模型在每个单元格中添加某种标题以生成
所需的数据。 Full code is here.
class MyTreeModel(gtk.GenericTreeModel):
# The columns exposed by the model to the view
column_types = (str, str, str, str, str)
# Column headers
parent_headers = ("P.Col 1", "P.Col 2", "P.Col 3", "P.Col 4", "P.Col 5")
child_headers = ("C.Col 1", "C.Col 2", "C.Col 3")
...
def on_get_value(self, iter_, column):
"""
This is where the view asks for values. This is thus where we
start mapping our data model to a fake table to present to the view
"""
parent_idx, child_idx = iter_
item = self.data[parent_idx][child_idx]
# For parents, map columns 1:1 to data
if child_idx == 0:
return self.markup(item[column], column, False)
# For children, we have to fake some columns
else:
if column == 0 or column == 4:
return "" # Fake empty text
else:
# map 1, 2, 3 to 0, 1, 2.
return self.markup(item[column-1], column-1, True)
def markup(self, text, column, is_child):
"""
Produce a markup for a cell with a title and a text
"""
headers = self.child_headers if is_child else self.parent_headers
title = headers[column]
return "<b>%s</b>\n%s"%(title, text)
...
class BasicTreeViewExample:
def __init__(self):
...
self.treeview = gtk.TreeView(self.model)
self.treeview.set_headers_visible(False)
for i in range(5):
...
tvcolumn.pack_start(cell, True)
tvcolumn.add_attribute(cell, 'markup', i)
...
结果：
使用set_cell_data_func 或TreeModelFilter
如果您设法将数据放入 ListStore 或 TreeStore，那么
就是说你找到了一个技巧，让父母和孩子分担相同的金额
和列类型，然后您可以使用
GtkTreeCellDataFunc
或GtkTreeModelFilter。
PyGTK 文档提供了Cell Data Functions 的示例
和Tree Model Filters。
例如，使用这些概念添加列标题可能比
创建一个完整的自定义模型。
这里是code using TreeCellDataFunc。
请注意数据输入是如何格式化的，以便孩子和父母可以
相同数量的数据。这是能够使用 GtkTreeStore 的条件。
import pygtk
pygtk.require('2.0')
import gtk
data = [
[('val_a1', 'val_b1', 'val_c1', 'val_d1', 'val_e1'), ('', 'val_x1', 'val_y1', 'val_z1', ''), ('', 'val_x2', 'val_y2', 'val_z2', '')],
[('val_a2', 'val_b2', 'val_c2', 'val_d2', 'val_e2'), ('', 'val_x3', 'val_y3', 'val_z3', '')],
[('val_a3', 'val_b3', 'val_c3', 'val_d3', 'val_e3')],
[('val_a4', 'val_b4', 'val_c4', 'val_d4', 'val_e4'), ('', 'val_x4', 'val_y4', 'val_z4', ''), ('', 'val_x5', 'val_y5', 'val_z5', '')],
]
class BasicTreeViewExample:
parent_headers = ("P.Col 1", "P.Col 2", "P.Col 3", "P.Col 4", "P.Col 5")
child_headers = ("C.Col 1", "C.Col 2", "C.Col 3")
def delete_event(self, widget, event, data=None):
gtk.main_quit()
return False
def __init__(self):
self.window = gtk.Window(gtk.WINDOW_TOPLEVEL)
self.window.set_title("Basic TreeView Example")
self.window.set_size_request(200, 200)
self.window.connect("delete_event", self.delete_event)
self.treestore = gtk.TreeStore(str, str, str, str, str)
for detail in data:
for index, elem in enumerate(detail):
if index == 0:
piter = self.treestore.append(None, elem)
else:
self.treestore.append(piter, elem)
self.treeview = gtk.TreeView(self.treestore)
for i in range(5):
tvcolumn = gtk.TreeViewColumn('Column %s' % (i))
self.treeview.append_column(tvcolumn)
cell = gtk.CellRendererText()
tvcolumn.pack_start(cell, True)
# Delegate data fetching to callback
tvcolumn.set_cell_data_func(cell, self.cell_add_header, i)
self.window.add(self.treeview)
self.window.show_all()
def cell_add_header(self, treeviewcolumn, cell, model, iter_, column):
text = model.get_value(iter_, column)
if model.iter_parent(iter_) is None:
# This is a parent
title = self.parent_headers[column]
markup = "<b>%s</b>\n%s"%(title, text)
else:
# We have a child
if column == 0 or column == 4:
# Cell is not used by child, leave it empty
markup = ""
else:
title = self.child_headers[column-1]
markup = "<b>%s</b>\n%s"%(title, text)
cell.set_property('markup', markup)
def main():
gtk.main()
if __name__ == "__main__":
tvexample = BasicTreeViewExample()
main()
GtkTreeModelFilter 导致几乎相同的事情。结果是一样的
比 在单元格中伪造标题（除了我忘记将标题设置为不可见）：
我希望这对您和其他有同样问题的人有所帮助！