如何解决重复的 gradle 依赖问题答案

【问题标题】：How to resolve duplicated gradle Dependency issues如何解决重复的 gradle 依赖问题
【发布时间】：2019-08-21 14:45:44
【问题描述】：

我尝试使用 robolectric 测试我的代码。问题是它有重复的引用。例如

java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.RuntimeException: Duplicate class org.apache.maven.artifact.Artifact found in modules maven-ant-tasks-2.1.3.jar (org.apache.maven:maven-ant-tasks:2.1.3) and maven-artifact-2.2.1.jar (org.apache.maven:maven-artifact:2.2.1)

我使用了gradel神器app:dependencies得到了下面的报告。这里是重要的部分：

+--- org.robolectric:robolectric:4.3
|    +--- org.robolectric:annotations:4.3
|    +--- org.robolectric:junit:4.3
|    |    +--- org.robolectric:annotations:4.3
|    |    +--- org.robolectric:sandbox:4.3
|    |    |    +--- org.robolectric:annotations:4.3
|    |    |    +--- org.robolectric:utils:4.3
|    |    |    |    +--- org.robolectric:annotations:4.3
|    |    |    |    +--- org.robolectric:pluginapi:4.3
|    |    |    |    |    +--- org.robolectric:annotations:4.3
|    |    |    |    |    +--- org.apache.ant:ant:1.8.0
|    |    |    |    |    |    \--- org.apache.ant:ant-launcher:1.8.0
|    |    |    |    |    \--- org.apache.maven:maven-ant-tasks:2.1.3
|    |    |    |    |         +--- org.apache.ant:ant:1.8.0 (*)
|    |    |    |    |         +--- classworlds:classworlds:1.1-alpha-2
|    |    |    |    |         +--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-container-default:1.0-alpha-9-stable-1
|    |    |    |    |         |    +--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-utils:1.0.4 -> 1.5.15
|    |    |    |    |         |    \--- classworlds:classworlds:1.1-alpha-2
|    |    |    |    |         +--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-utils:1.5.15
|    |    |    |    |         +--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-interpolation:1.11
|    |    |    |    |         +--- org.apache.maven:maven-artifact:2.2.1
|    |    |    |    |         |    \--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-utils:1.5.15
|    |    |    |    |         +--- org.apache.maven:maven-artifact-manager:2.2.1
|    |    |    |    |         |    +--- org.apache.maven:maven-repository-metadata:2.2.1
|    |    |    |    |         |    |    \--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-utils:1.5.15
|    |    |    |    |         |    +--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-utils:1.5.15
|    |    |    |    |         |    +--- org.apache.maven:maven-artifact:2.2.1 (*)
|    |    |    |    |         |    +--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-container-default:1.0-alpha-9-stable-1 (*)
|    |    |    |    |         |    +--- org.apache.maven.wagon:wagon-provider-api:1.0-beta-6
|    |    |    |    |         |    |    \--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-utils:1.4.2 -> 1.5.15
|    |    |    |    |         |    \--- backport-util-concurrent:backport-util-concurrent:3.1
|    |    |    |    |         +--- org.apache.maven:maven-model:2.2.1
|    |    |    |    |         |    \--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-utils:1.5.15
|    |    |    |    |         +--- org.apache.maven:maven-project:2.2.1
|    |    |    |    |         |    +--- org.apache.maven:maven-settings:2.2.1
|    |    |    |    |         |    |    +--- org.apache.maven:maven-model:2.2.1 (*)
|    |    |    |    |         |    |    +--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-interpolation:1.11
|    |    |    |    |         |    |    +--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-utils:1.5.15
|    |    |    |    |         |    |    \--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-container-default:1.0-alpha-9-stable-1 (*)
|    |    |    |    |         |    +--- org.apache.maven:maven-profile:2.2.1
|    |    |    |    |         |    |    +--- org.apache.maven:maven-model:2.2.1 (*)
|    |    |    |    |         |    |    +--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-utils:1.5.15
|    |    |    |    |         |    |    +--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-interpolation:1.11
|    |    |    |    |         |    |    \--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-container-default:1.0-alpha-9-stable-1 (*)
|    |    |    |    |         |    +--- org.apache.maven:maven-model:2.2.1 (*)
|    |    |    |    |         |    +--- org.apache.maven:maven-artifact-manager:2.2.1 (*)
|    |    |    |    |         |    +--- org.apache.maven:maven-plugin-registry:2.2.1
|    |    |    |    |         |    |    +--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-utils:1.5.15
|    |    |    |    |         |    |    \--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-container-default:1.0-alpha-9-stable-1 (*)
|    |    |    |    |         |    +--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-interpolation:1.11
|    |    |    |    |         |    +--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-utils:1.5.15
|    |    |    |    |         |    +--- org.apache.maven:maven-artifact:2.2.1 (*)
|    |    |    |    |         |    \--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-container-default:1.0-alpha-9-stable-1 (*)
|    |    |    |    |         +--- org.apache.maven:maven-error-diagnostics:2.2.1
|    |    |    |    |         |    \--- org.codehaus.plexus:plexus-container-default:1.0-alpha-9-stable-1 (*)
|    |    |    |    |         +--- org.apache.maven:maven-settings:2.2.1 (*)
|    |    |    |    |         +--- org.apache.maven.wagon:wagon-file:1.0-beta-6
|    |    |    |    |         |    \--- org.apache.maven.wagon:wagon-provider-api:1.0-beta-6 (*)
|    |    |    |    |         +--- org.apache.maven.wagon:wagon-http-lightweight:1.0-beta-6
|    |    |    |    |         |    +--- org.apache.maven.wagon:wagon-http-shared:1.0-beta-6
|    |    |    |    |         |    |    +--- nekohtml:xercesMinimal:1.9.6.2
|    |    |    |    |         |    |    +--- nekohtml:nekohtml:1.9.6.2
|    |    |    |    |         |    |    \--- org.apache.maven.wagon:wagon-provider-api:1.0-beta-6 (*)
|    |    |    |    |         |    \--- org.apache.maven.wagon:wagon-provider-api:1.0-beta-6 (*)
|    |    |    |    |         \--- org.apache.maven.wagon:wagon-provider-api:1.0-beta-6 (*)
|    |    |    |    +--- org.robolectric:utils-reflector:4.3
|    |    |    |    |    +--- org.ow2.asm:asm:7.0
|    |    |    |    |    +--- org.ow2.asm:asm-commons:7.0
|    |    |    |    |    |    +--- org.ow2.asm:asm:7.0
|    |    |    |    |    |    +--- org.ow2.asm:asm-tree:7.0
|    |    |    |    |    |    |    \--- org.ow2.asm:asm:7.0
|    |    |    |    |    |    \--- org.ow2.asm:asm-analysis:7.0
|    |    |    |    |    |         \--- org.ow2.asm:asm-tree:7.0 (*)
|    |    |    |    |    \--- org.ow2.asm:asm-util:7.0
|    |    |    |    |         +--- org.ow2.asm:asm:7.0
|    |    |    |    |         +--- org.ow2.asm:asm-tree:7.0 (*)
|    |    |    |    |         \--- org.ow2.asm:asm-analysis:7.0 (*)
|    |    |    |    +--- com.google.auto.service:auto-service:1.0-rc4
|    |    |    |    |    +--- com.google.auto:auto-common:0.8
|    |    |    |    |    |    \--- com.google.guava:guava:19.0 -> 27.0.1-jre
|    |    |    |    |    |         +--- com.google.guava:failureaccess:1.0.1
|    |    |    |    |    |         +--- com.google.guava:listenablefuture:9999.0-empty-to-avoid-conflict-with-guava
|    |    |    |    |    |         +--- com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:3.0.2
|    |    |    |    |    |         +--- org.checkerframework:checker-qual:2.5.2
|    |    |    |    |    |         +--- com.google.errorprone:error_prone_annotations:2.2.0
|    |    |    |    |    |         +--- com.google.j2objc:j2objc-annotations:1.1
|    |    |    |    |    |         \--- org.codehaus.mojo:animal-sniffer-annotations:1.17
|    |    |    |    |    \--- com.google.guava:guava:23.5-jre -> 27.0.1-jre (*)
|    |    |    |    +--- javax.inject:javax.inject:1
|    |    |    |    \--- javax.annotation:javax.annotation-api:1.3.2
|    |    |    +--- org.robolectric:shadowapi:4.3
|    |    |    |    \--- org.robolectric:annotations:4.3
|    |    |    +--- org.robolectric:utils-reflector:4.3 (*)
|    |    |    +--- javax.annotation:javax.annotation-api:1.3.2
|    |    |    +--- javax.inject:javax.inject:1
|    |    |    +--- org.ow2.asm:asm:7.0
|    |    |    +--- org.ow2.asm:asm-commons:7.0 (*)
|    |    |    \--- com.google.guava:guava:27.0.1-jre (*)
|    |    +--- org.robolectric:pluginapi:4.3 (*)
|    |    +--- org.robolectric:shadowapi:4.3 (*)
|    |    \--- org.robolectric:utils-reflector:4.3 (*)
|    +--- org.robolectric:pluginapi:4.3 (*)
|    +--- org.robolectric:resources:4.3
|    |    +--- org.robolectric:utils:4.3 (*)
|    |    +--- org.robolectric:annotations:4.3
|    |    +--- org.robolectric:pluginapi:4.3 (*)
|    |    \--- com.google.guava:guava:27.0.1-jre (*)
|    +--- org.robolectric:sandbox:4.3 (*)
|    +--- org.robolectric:utils:4.3 (*)
|    +--- org.robolectric:utils-reflector:4.3 (*)
|    +--- org.robolectric:plugins-maven-dependency-resolver:4.3
|    |    +--- org.robolectric:pluginapi:4.3 (*)
|    |    +--- org.robolectric:utils:4.3 (*)
|    |    +--- org.apache.ant:ant:1.8.0 (*)
|    |    \--- org.apache.maven:maven-ant-tasks:2.1.3 (*)
|    +--- javax.inject:javax.inject:1
|    +--- javax.annotation:javax.annotation-api:1.3.2
|    +--- org.robolectric:shadows-framework:4.3
|    |    +--- org.robolectric:annotations:4.3
|    |    +--- org.robolectric:resources:4.3 (*)
|    |    +--- org.robolectric:pluginapi:4.3 (*)
|    |    +--- org.robolectric:shadowapi:4.3 (*)
|    |    +--- org.robolectric:utils:4.3 (*)
|    |    +--- org.robolectric:utils-reflector:4.3 (*)
|    |    +--- androidx.test:monitor:1.2.0 -> 1.3.0-alpha02 (*)
|    |    +--- com.almworks.sqlite4java:sqlite4java:0.282
|    |    +--- com.ibm.icu:icu4j:53.1
|    |    +--- com.google.android.apps.common.testing.accessibility.framework:accessibility-test-framework:2.1
|    |    |    +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3
|    |    |    +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3 (*)
|    |    |    \--- com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java:2.6.1
|    |    \--- androidx.annotation:annotation:1.0.0
|    +--- org.bouncycastle:bcprov-jdk15on:1.52
|    \--- androidx.test:monitor:1.2.0 -> 1.3.0-alpha02 (*)

如何解决引用错误？在我看来，robolectric 在不同的依赖项中具有相同的类？

我使用以下构建脚本：应用插件：'com.android.application'

apply plugin: 'idea'

idea {
    module {
        downloadJavadoc = true
        downloadSources = true
    }
}
android {
    compileSdkVersion 28
    buildToolsVersion '28.0.3'
    useLibrary 'org.apache.http.legacy'
    useLibrary 'android.test.runner'

    useLibrary 'android.test.base'
    useLibrary 'android.test.mock'

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.example.sampleapp"
        minSdkVersion 16
        targetSdkVersion 28
        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }

    testOptions {
        unitTests {
            includeAndroidResources = true
        }
    }
}

dependencies {
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:rules:1.2.0'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:core:1.2.1-alpha02'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.2.0'
    androidTestImplementation 'org.robolectric:robolectric:4.3'

    // Mail-Versand
    implementation 'com.sun.mail:android-mail:1.6.2'
    implementation 'com.sun.mail:android-activation:1.6.2'

    implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.0.2'//
    implementation 'com.github.woxthebox:draglistview:1.6.6'
}

如何解决？

github 上的问题是开放的：https://github.com/robolectric/robolectric/issues/5235

【问题讨论】：

标签： gradle robolectric robolectric-gradle-plugin

【解决方案1】：

终于让测试运行起来了。我已经排除了所有具有重复类的库：

testImplementation ("org.robolectric:robolectric:4.3"){
    exclude group: 'org.apache.maven', module: 'maven-artifact'
    exclude group: 'org.apache.maven', module: 'maven-artifact-manager'
    exclude group: 'org.apache.maven', module: 'maven-model'
    exclude group: 'org.apache.maven', module: 'maven-plugin-registry'
    exclude group: 'org.apache.maven', module: 'maven-profile'
    exclude group: 'org.apache.maven', module: 'maven-project'
    exclude group: 'org.apache.maven', module: 'maven-settings'
    exclude group: 'org.apache.maven', module: 'maven-error-diagnostics'
    exclude group: "org.apache.maven.wagon"
}

并非所有可能性都经过测试，但一个简单的测试已经奏效。

【讨论】：

你是救生员@finder2
以防万一：我还必须为 protobuf 添加此排除 exclude group: "com.google.protobuf", module: "protobuf-java"

【解决方案2】：

这可能可以写成更一般的方式：

testImplementation ("org.robolectric:robolectric:4.3") {
    exclude group "org.apache.maven.wagon"
    exclude group "org.apache.maven"
}

甚至：

testImplementation ("org.robolectric:robolectric:4.3") {
    exclude group: "org.apache.maven", name: "maven-ant-tasks"
}

因为它是pluginapi 的maven-ant-tasks，它引入了org.apache.maven 依赖项。

【讨论】：

这不起作用。看起来不错，但您也可以使用 org.apache.maven 排除组 maven-ant-tasks。这会导致ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.maven.artifact.ant.DependenciesTask。排除整个群体的想法很棒。我用它来排除org.apache.maven.wagon
不幸的是，在我的情况下，org.codehaus.classworld roboelectric 4.3.1 也使用了重复项，即使我已排除使用该组，它也会显示 ClassNotFound 以及 @finder2
@mochadwi 如果您发布一个新问题，提供dependencies 并用它的 URL 通知我，我可能会解决这个问题。 ClassNotFound 通常只在排除太多时才会发生。
认为其中一个包必须使用debugImplementation（需要查看它是哪一个）。这些是dependencies，用于两个完全不同的应用程序；至少在 Android 上。

【解决方案3】：

我遇到了同样的问题，对我有帮助的是我在 Gradle 文件中定义了两次 Roboelectric 依赖项，一个是 androidTestImplementation，另一个是 testImplementation，所以当我删除第一部分时，问题就解决了！！！

【讨论】：

你也是一个救生员@alireza-rahmaty。我不知道为什么我需要为 roboelectric 添加testImplementation。这意味着对于 unitTest 目录不需要的检测。再次感谢男人

【解决方案4】：

我的解决方案是确保我的 androidTestImplementation 依赖项中不需要 Robolectric。

一旦我解决了这个问题，我就没有任何需要解决的冲突了。

【讨论】：