我有一个非常相似的需求，指定here。
$('a#someID').click();时我需要让用户的浏览器手动开始下载
但我不能使用window.href 方法，因为它会将当前页面内容替换为您尝试下载的文件。
相反，我想在新窗口/标签中打开下载。这怎么可能？
【问题讨论】：
标签： javascript jquery download
使用不可见的<iframe>：
<iframe id="my_iframe" style="display:none;"></iframe>
<script>
function Download(url) {
document.getElementById('my_iframe').src = url;
};
</script>
要强制浏览器下载它本来可以呈现的文件（例如 HTML 或文本文件），您需要服务器将文件的 MIME Type 设置为无意义的值，例如 application/x-please-download-me 或替代application/octet-stream，用于任意二进制数据。
如果您只想在新选项卡中打开它，唯一的方法是让用户单击其target 属性设置为_blank 的链接。
在 jQuery 中：
$('a#someID').attr({target: '_blank',
href : 'http://localhost/directory/file.pdf'});
只要点击该链接，它就会在新的标签/窗口中下载文件。
【讨论】：
iframe.style.display = 'none';，因为这将完全隐藏 iframe。您当前的实现将使 iframe 不可见，但 iframe 仍会占用页面底部的空间，从而导致额外的空白。
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="downloaded.pdf"（您当然可以根据需要自定义文件名）。
2019 年现代浏览器更新
这是我现在推荐的方法，但有几点需要注意：
fetch('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos/1')
.then(resp => resp.blob())
.then(blob => {
const url = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob);
const a = document.createElement('a');
a.style.display = 'none';
a.href = url;
// the filename you want
a.download = 'todo-1.json';
document.body.appendChild(a);
a.click();
window.URL.revokeObjectURL(url);
alert('your file has downloaded!'); // or you know, something with better UX...
})
.catch(() => alert('oh no!'));2012 年原创的基于 jQuery/iframe/cookie 的方法
我创建了jQuery File Download plugin (Demo) (GitHub)，它也可以帮助您解决问题。它与 iframe 的工作方式非常相似，但有一些很酷的功能，我发现它们非常方便：
很容易设置和漂亮的视觉效果（jQuery UI 对话框，但不是必需的），一切都经过测试
用户永远不会离开他们开始下载文件的同一页面。此功能对于现代 Web 应用程序变得至关重要
successCallback 和 failCallback 函数允许您明确说明用户在任一情况下看到的内容
结合 jQuery UI，开发人员可以轻松地显示一个模式，告诉用户正在下载文件，在下载开始后解散模式，甚至以友好的方式通知用户发生了错误。有关此示例，请参阅Demo。希望这对某人有帮助！
这是一个简单的用例演示，使用带有 Promise 的插件 source。 demo page 还包括许多其他“更好的用户体验”示例。
$.fileDownload('some/file.pdf')
.done(function () { alert('File download a success!'); })
.fail(function () { alert('File download failed!'); });
【讨论】：
fetch从真实的HTTPS URL下载东西，从中创建一个blob，从blob创建一个blob URL，然后使用具有download属性的锚点从blob URL下载，当你可以而只是...使用具有download 属性的锚点从您开始使用的 HTTPS URL 下载？
function downloadURI(uri, name)
{
var link = document.createElement("a");
// If you don't know the name or want to use
// the webserver default set name = ''
link.setAttribute('download', name);
link.href = uri;
document.body.appendChild(link);
link.click();
link.remove();
}
检查您的目标浏览器是否会顺利运行上述 sn-p：
http://caniuse.com/#feat=download
【讨论】：
document.body.appendChild(link)，在点击之后您可以执行link.remove()，以避免污染 DOM。
link.download = "" 使其保留其原始文件名并避免设置一个。
我很惊讶没有多少人知道元素的下载属性。请帮忙宣传一下！你可以有一个隐藏的 html 链接，然后假装点击它。如果 html 链接具有下载属性，它会下载文件，而不是查看它，无论如何。这是代码。如果它可以找到它会下载一张猫的图片。
document.getElementById('download').click();<a href="https://docs.google.com/uc?id=0B0jH18Lft7ypSmRjdWg1c082Y2M" download id="download" hidden></a>注意： 并非所有浏览器都支持此功能：http://www.w3schools.com/tags/att_a_download.asp
【讨论】：
mp4s
我建议使用the download attribute 代替jQuery 进行下载：
<a href="your_link" download> file_name </a>
这将下载您的文件，而无需打开它。
【讨论】：
如果你已经在使用 jQuery，你可以利用它来生成一个更小的 sn-p
安德鲁答案的 jQuery 版本：
var $idown; // Keep it outside of the function, so it's initialized once.
downloadURL : function(url) {
if ($idown) {
$idown.attr('src',url);
} else {
$idown = $('<iframe>', { id:'idown', src:url }).hide().appendTo('body');
}
},
//... How to use it:
downloadURL('http://whatever.com/file.pdf');
【讨论】：
if 声明应该是：if( $idown && $idown.length > 0 )
如果您不需要浏览其他页面，这可能会有所帮助。 这是基本的 javascript 函数，因此可以在任何后端使用 Javascript 的平台中使用
window.location.assign('any url or file path')
【讨论】：
适用于 Chrome、Firefox 和 IE8 及更高版本。
var link=document.createElement('a');
document.body.appendChild(link);
link.href=url ;
link.click();
【讨论】：
url，而不是从中下载。
使用iframe的简单示例
function downloadURL(url) {
var hiddenIFrameID = 'hiddenDownloader',
iframe = document.getElementById(hiddenIFrameID);
if (iframe === null) {
iframe = document.createElement('iframe');
iframe.id = hiddenIFrameID;
iframe.style.display = 'none';
document.body.appendChild(iframe);
}
iframe.src = url;
};
然后在任何你想要的地方调用函数：
downloadURL('path/to/my/file');
【讨论】：
仅仅七年后，这里出现了一个使用表单而不是 iframe 或链接的单行 jQuery 解决方案：
$('<form></form>')
.attr('action', filePath)
.appendTo('body').submit().remove();
我已经测试过了
如果有人知道此解决方案的任何缺点，我会很高兴听到这些。
完整演示：
<html>
<head><script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.11.3.js"></script></head>
<body>
<script>
var filePath = window.prompt("Enter a file URL","http://jqueryui.com/resources/download/jquery-ui-1.12.1.zip");
$('<form></form>').attr('action', filePath).appendTo('body').submit().remove();
</script>
</body>
</html>
【讨论】：
filePath 有查询字符串，这不起作用，因为提交表单将覆盖操作属性中的查询字符串。
var authInput = $("<input>").attr("type", "hidden").attr("name", "myQsKey").val('MyQsValue');$('<form></form>') .attr('action', filePath) .append($(authInput)) .appendTo('body').submit().remove(); 这相当于访问：filepath?myQsKey=myValue
window.location 设置为filePath 的非常复杂的方法。只需window.location = filePath; 也会这样做。
download 属性告诉浏览器您想要下载，而不管服务器返回什么标头，您可以使用a 元素来做到这一点。）跨度>
我最终使用了下面的 sn-p，它适用于大多数浏览器，但未在 IE 中测试。
let data = JSON.stringify([{email: "test@domain.com", name: "test"}, {email: "anothertest@example.com", name: "anothertest"}]);
let type = "application/json", name = "testfile.json";
downloader(data, type, name)
function downloader(data, type, name) {
let blob = new Blob([data], {type});
let url = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob);
downloadURI(url, name);
window.URL.revokeObjectURL(url);
}
function downloadURI(uri, name) {
let link = document.createElement("a");
link.download = name;
link.href = uri;
link.click();
}function downloadURI(uri, name) {
let link = document.createElement("a");
link.download = name;
link.href = uri;
link.click();
}
function downloader(data, type, name) {
let blob = new Blob([data], {type});
let url = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob);
downloadURI(url, name);
window.URL.revokeObjectURL(url);
}
【讨论】：
MouseEvent 而不是一直使用click 有什么意义？为什么在单击之前将链接附加到文档中？也许这比stackoverflow.com/a/23013574/1709587 中显示的更简单的方法有优势，但如果是这样，这里就不解释了。
我不知道这个问题是不是太老了，但是只要下载 mime 类型正确（例如 zip 存档），将 window.location 设置为下载 url 就可以了。
var download = function(downloadURL) {
location = downloadURL;
});
download('http://example.com/archive.zip'); //correct usage
download('http://example.com/page.html'); //DON'T
【讨论】：
为了改进 Imagine Breaker 的答案，FF 和 IE 支持此功能：
var evt = document.createEvent("MouseEvents");
evt.initMouseEvent("click", true, true, window, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, false, false, false, false, 0, null);
function downloadURI(uri, name) {
var link = document.createElement("a");
link.download = name;
link.href = uri;
link.dispatchEvent(evt);
}
换句话说，只需使用dispatchEvent 函数而不是click()；
【讨论】：
为 FireFox、Chrome 和 IE 代码下载数据的最完整和工作（测试）代码如下。假设 Data 在 texarea 字段中，其 id='textarea_area' 并且 filename 是要下载数据的文件的名称。 p>
function download(filename) {
if (typeof filename==='undefined') filename = ""; // default
value = document.getElementById('textarea_area').value;
filetype="text/*";
extension=filename.substring(filename.lastIndexOf("."));
for (var i = 0; i < extToMIME.length; i++) {
if (extToMIME[i][0].localeCompare(extension)==0) {
filetype=extToMIME[i][1];
break;
}
}
var pom = document.createElement('a');
pom.setAttribute('href', 'data: '+filetype+';charset=utf-8,' + '\ufeff' + encodeURIComponent(value)); // Added BOM too
pom.setAttribute('download', filename);
if (document.createEvent) {
if (navigator.userAgent.indexOf('MSIE') !== -1 || navigator.appVersion.indexOf('Trident/') > 0) { // IE
blobObject = new Blob(['\ufeff'+value]);
window.navigator.msSaveBlob(blobObject, filename);
} else { // FF, Chrome
var event = document.createEvent('MouseEvents');
event.initEvent('click', true, true);
pom.dispatchEvent(event);
}
} else if( document.createEventObject ) { // Have No Idea
var evObj = document.createEventObject();
pom.fireEvent( 'onclick' , evObj );
} else { // For Any Case
pom.click();
}
}
然后调用
<a href="javascript:download();">Download</a>
用于下载启动。
为下载对话框设置正确的 MIME 类型的数组可以如下：
// ----------------------- Extensions to MIME --------- //
// List of mime types
// combination of values from Windows 7 Registry and
// from C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\config\applicationHost.config
// some added, including .7z and .dat
var extToMIME = [
[".323", "text/h323"],
[".3g2", "video/3gpp2"],
[".3gp", "video/3gpp"],
[".3gp2", "video/3gpp2"],
[".3gpp", "video/3gpp"],
[".7z", "application/x-7z-compressed"],
[".aa", "audio/audible"],
[".AAC", "audio/aac"],
[".aaf", "application/octet-stream"],
[".aax", "audio/vnd.audible.aax"],
[".ac3", "audio/ac3"],
[".aca", "application/octet-stream"],
[".accda", "application/msaccess.addin"],
[".accdb", "application/msaccess"],
[".accdc", "application/msaccess.cab"],
[".accde", "application/msaccess"],
[".accdr", "application/msaccess.runtime"],
[".accdt", "application/msaccess"],
[".accdw", "application/msaccess.webapplication"],
[".accft", "application/msaccess.ftemplate"],
[".acx", "application/internet-property-stream"],
[".AddIn", "text/xml"],
[".ade", "application/msaccess"],
[".adobebridge", "application/x-bridge-url"],
[".adp", "application/msaccess"],
[".ADT", "audio/vnd.dlna.adts"],
[".ADTS", "audio/aac"],
[".afm", "application/octet-stream"],
[".ai", "application/postscript"],
[".aif", "audio/x-aiff"],
[".aifc", "audio/aiff"],
[".aiff", "audio/aiff"],
[".air", "application/vnd.adobe.air-application-installer-package+zip"],
[".amc", "application/x-mpeg"],
[".application", "application/x-ms-application"],
[".art", "image/x-jg"],
[".asa", "application/xml"],
[".asax", "application/xml"],
[".ascx", "application/xml"],
[".asd", "application/octet-stream"],
[".asf", "video/x-ms-asf"],
[".ashx", "application/xml"],
[".asi", "application/octet-stream"],
[".asm", "text/plain"],
[".asmx", "application/xml"],
[".aspx", "application/xml"],
[".asr", "video/x-ms-asf"],
[".asx", "video/x-ms-asf"],
[".atom", "application/atom+xml"],
[".au", "audio/basic"],
[".avi", "video/x-msvideo"],
[".axs", "application/olescript"],
[".bas", "text/plain"],
[".bcpio", "application/x-bcpio"],
[".bin", "application/octet-stream"],
[".bmp", "image/bmp"],
[".c", "text/plain"],
[".cab", "application/octet-stream"],
[".caf", "audio/x-caf"],
[".calx", "application/vnd.ms-office.calx"],
[".cat", "application/vnd.ms-pki.seccat"],
[".cc", "text/plain"],
[".cd", "text/plain"],
[".cdda", "audio/aiff"],
[".cdf", "application/x-cdf"],
[".cer", "application/x-x509-ca-cert"],
[".chm", "application/octet-stream"],
[".class", "application/x-java-applet"],
[".clp", "application/x-msclip"],
[".cmx", "image/x-cmx"],
[".cnf", "text/plain"],
[".cod", "image/cis-cod"],
[".config", "application/xml"],
[".contact", "text/x-ms-contact"],
[".coverage", "application/xml"],
[".cpio", "application/x-cpio"],
[".cpp", "text/plain"],
[".crd", "application/x-mscardfile"],
[".crl", "application/pkix-crl"],
[".crt", "application/x-x509-ca-cert"],
[".cs", "text/plain"],
[".csdproj", "text/plain"],
[".csh", "application/x-csh"],
[".csproj", "text/plain"],
[".css", "text/css"],
[".csv", "text/csv"],
[".cur", "application/octet-stream"],
[".cxx", "text/plain"],
[".dat", "application/octet-stream"],
[".datasource", "application/xml"],
[".dbproj", "text/plain"],
[".dcr", "application/x-director"],
[".def", "text/plain"],
[".deploy", "application/octet-stream"],
[".der", "application/x-x509-ca-cert"],
[".dgml", "application/xml"],
[".dib", "image/bmp"],
[".dif", "video/x-dv"],
[".dir", "application/x-director"],
[".disco", "text/xml"],
[".dll", "application/x-msdownload"],
[".dll.config", "text/xml"],
[".dlm", "text/dlm"],
[".doc", "application/msword"],
[".docm", "application/vnd.ms-word.document.macroEnabled.12"],
[".docx", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document"],
[".dot", "application/msword"],
[".dotm", "application/vnd.ms-word.template.macroEnabled.12"],
[".dotx", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.template"],
[".dsp", "application/octet-stream"],
[".dsw", "text/plain"],
[".dtd", "text/xml"],
[".dtsConfig", "text/xml"],
[".dv", "video/x-dv"],
[".dvi", "application/x-dvi"],
[".dwf", "drawing/x-dwf"],
[".dwp", "application/octet-stream"],
[".dxr", "application/x-director"],
[".eml", "message/rfc822"],
[".emz", "application/octet-stream"],
[".eot", "application/octet-stream"],
[".eps", "application/postscript"],
[".etl", "application/etl"],
[".etx", "text/x-setext"],
[".evy", "application/envoy"],
[".exe", "application/octet-stream"],
[".exe.config", "text/xml"],
[".fdf", "application/vnd.fdf"],
[".fif", "application/fractals"],
[".filters", "Application/xml"],
[".fla", "application/octet-stream"],
[".flr", "x-world/x-vrml"],
[".flv", "video/x-flv"],
[".fsscript", "application/fsharp-script"],
[".fsx", "application/fsharp-script"],
[".generictest", "application/xml"],
[".gif", "image/gif"],
[".group", "text/x-ms-group"],
[".gsm", "audio/x-gsm"],
[".gtar", "application/x-gtar"],
[".gz", "application/x-gzip"],
[".h", "text/plain"],
[".hdf", "application/x-hdf"],
[".hdml", "text/x-hdml"],
[".hhc", "application/x-oleobject"],
[".hhk", "application/octet-stream"],
[".hhp", "application/octet-stream"],
[".hlp", "application/winhlp"],
[".hpp", "text/plain"],
[".hqx", "application/mac-binhex40"],
[".hta", "application/hta"],
[".htc", "text/x-component"],
[".htm", "text/html"],
[".html", "text/html"],
[".htt", "text/webviewhtml"],
[".hxa", "application/xml"],
[".hxc", "application/xml"],
[".hxd", "application/octet-stream"],
[".hxe", "application/xml"],
[".hxf", "application/xml"],
[".hxh", "application/octet-stream"],
[".hxi", "application/octet-stream"],
[".hxk", "application/xml"],
[".hxq", "application/octet-stream"],
[".hxr", "application/octet-stream"],
[".hxs", "application/octet-stream"],
[".hxt", "text/html"],
[".hxv", "application/xml"],
[".hxw", "application/octet-stream"],
[".hxx", "text/plain"],
[".i", "text/plain"],
[".ico", "image/x-icon"],
[".ics", "application/octet-stream"],
[".idl", "text/plain"],
[".ief", "image/ief"],
[".iii", "application/x-iphone"],
[".inc", "text/plain"],
[".inf", "application/octet-stream"],
[".inl", "text/plain"],
[".ins", "application/x-internet-signup"],
[".ipa", "application/x-itunes-ipa"],
[".ipg", "application/x-itunes-ipg"],
[".ipproj", "text/plain"],
[".ipsw", "application/x-itunes-ipsw"],
[".iqy", "text/x-ms-iqy"],
[".isp", "application/x-internet-signup"],
[".ite", "application/x-itunes-ite"],
[".itlp", "application/x-itunes-itlp"],
[".itms", "application/x-itunes-itms"],
[".itpc", "application/x-itunes-itpc"],
[".IVF", "video/x-ivf"],
[".jar", "application/java-archive"],
[".java", "application/octet-stream"],
[".jck", "application/liquidmotion"],
[".jcz", "application/liquidmotion"],
[".jfif", "image/pjpeg"],
[".jnlp", "application/x-java-jnlp-file"],
[".jpb", "application/octet-stream"],
[".jpe", "image/jpeg"],
[".jpeg", "image/jpeg"],
[".jpg", "image/jpeg"],
[".js", "application/x-javascript"],
[".json", "application/json"],
[".jsx", "text/jscript"],
[".jsxbin", "text/plain"],
[".latex", "application/x-latex"],
[".library-ms", "application/windows-library+xml"],
[".lit", "application/x-ms-reader"],
[".loadtest", "application/xml"],
[".lpk", "application/octet-stream"],
[".lsf", "video/x-la-asf"],
[".lst", "text/plain"],
[".lsx", "video/x-la-asf"],
[".lzh", "application/octet-stream"],
[".m13", "application/x-msmediaview"],
[".m14", "application/x-msmediaview"],
[".m1v", "video/mpeg"],
[".m2t", "video/vnd.dlna.mpeg-tts"],
[".m2ts", "video/vnd.dlna.mpeg-tts"],
[".m2v", "video/mpeg"],
[".m3u", "audio/x-mpegurl"],
[".m3u8", "audio/x-mpegurl"],
[".m4a", "audio/m4a"],
[".m4b", "audio/m4b"],
[".m4p", "audio/m4p"],
[".m4r", "audio/x-m4r"],
[".m4v", "video/x-m4v"],
[".mac", "image/x-macpaint"],
[".mak", "text/plain"],
[".man", "application/x-troff-man"],
[".manifest", "application/x-ms-manifest"],
[".map", "text/plain"],
[".master", "application/xml"],
[".mda", "application/msaccess"],
[".mdb", "application/x-msaccess"],
[".mde", "application/msaccess"],
[".mdp", "application/octet-stream"],
[".me", "application/x-troff-me"],
[".mfp", "application/x-shockwave-flash"],
[".mht", "message/rfc822"],
[".mhtml", "message/rfc822"],
[".mid", "audio/mid"],
[".midi", "audio/mid"],
[".mix", "application/octet-stream"],
[".mk", "text/plain"],
[".mmf", "application/x-smaf"],
[".mno", "text/xml"],
[".mny", "application/x-msmoney"],
[".mod", "video/mpeg"],
[".mov", "video/quicktime"],
[".movie", "video/x-sgi-movie"],
[".mp2", "video/mpeg"],
[".mp2v", "video/mpeg"],
[".mp3", "audio/mpeg"],
[".mp4", "video/mp4"],
[".mp4v", "video/mp4"],
[".mpa", "video/mpeg"],
[".mpe", "video/mpeg"],
[".mpeg", "video/mpeg"],
[".mpf", "application/vnd.ms-mediapackage"],
[".mpg", "video/mpeg"],
[".mpp", "application/vnd.ms-project"],
[".mpv2", "video/mpeg"],
[".mqv", "video/quicktime"],
[".ms", "application/x-troff-ms"],
[".msi", "application/octet-stream"],
[".mso", "application/octet-stream"],
[".mts", "video/vnd.dlna.mpeg-tts"],
[".mtx", "application/xml"],
[".mvb", "application/x-msmediaview"],
[".mvc", "application/x-miva-compiled"],
[".mxp", "application/x-mmxp"],
[".nc", "application/x-netcdf"],
[".nsc", "video/x-ms-asf"],
[".nws", "message/rfc822"],
[".ocx", "application/octet-stream"],
[".oda", "application/oda"],
[".odc", "text/x-ms-odc"],
[".odh", "text/plain"],
[".odl", "text/plain"],
[".odp", "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation"],
[".ods", "application/oleobject"],
[".odt", "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text"],
[".one", "application/onenote"],
[".onea", "application/onenote"],
[".onepkg", "application/onenote"],
[".onetmp", "application/onenote"],
[".onetoc", "application/onenote"],
[".onetoc2", "application/onenote"],
[".orderedtest", "application/xml"],
[".osdx", "application/opensearchdescription+xml"],
[".p10", "application/pkcs10"],
[".p12", "application/x-pkcs12"],
[".p7b", "application/x-pkcs7-certificates"],
[".p7c", "application/pkcs7-mime"],
[".p7m", "application/pkcs7-mime"],
[".p7r", "application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp"],
[".p7s", "application/pkcs7-signature"],
[".pbm", "image/x-portable-bitmap"],
[".pcast", "application/x-podcast"],
[".pct", "image/pict"],
[".pcx", "application/octet-stream"],
[".pcz", "application/octet-stream"],
[".pdf", "application/pdf"],
[".pfb", "application/octet-stream"],
[".pfm", "application/octet-stream"],
[".pfx", "application/x-pkcs12"],
[".pgm", "image/x-portable-graymap"],
[".pic", "image/pict"],
[".pict", "image/pict"],
[".pkgdef", "text/plain"],
[".pkgundef", "text/plain"],
[".pko", "application/vnd.ms-pki.pko"],
[".pls", "audio/scpls"],
[".pma", "application/x-perfmon"],
[".pmc", "application/x-perfmon"],
[".pml", "application/x-perfmon"],
[".pmr", "application/x-perfmon"],
[".pmw", "application/x-perfmon"],
[".png", "image/png"],
[".pnm", "image/x-portable-anymap"],
[".pnt", "image/x-macpaint"],
[".pntg", "image/x-macpaint"],
[".pnz", "image/png"],
[".pot", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint"],
[".potm", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.template.macroEnabled.12"],
[".potx", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.template"],
[".ppa", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint"],
[".ppam", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.addin.macroEnabled.12"],
[".ppm", "image/x-portable-pixmap"],
[".pps", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint"],
[".ppsm", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.slideshow.macroEnabled.12"],
[".ppsx", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.slideshow"],
[".ppt", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint"],
[".pptm", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.presentation.macroEnabled.12"],
[".pptx", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation"],
[".prf", "application/pics-rules"],
[".prm", "application/octet-stream"],
[".prx", "application/octet-stream"],
[".ps", "application/postscript"],
[".psc1", "application/PowerShell"],
[".psd", "application/octet-stream"],
[".psess", "application/xml"],
[".psm", "application/octet-stream"],
[".psp", "application/octet-stream"],
[".pub", "application/x-mspublisher"],
[".pwz", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint"],
[".qht", "text/x-html-insertion"],
[".qhtm", "text/x-html-insertion"],
[".qt", "video/quicktime"],
[".qti", "image/x-quicktime"],
[".qtif", "image/x-quicktime"],
[".qtl", "application/x-quicktimeplayer"],
[".qxd", "application/octet-stream"],
[".ra", "audio/x-pn-realaudio"],
[".ram", "audio/x-pn-realaudio"],
[".rar", "application/octet-stream"],
[".ras", "image/x-cmu-raster"],
[".rat", "application/rat-file"],
[".rc", "text/plain"],
[".rc2", "text/plain"],
[".rct", "text/plain"],
[".rdlc", "application/xml"],
[".resx", "application/xml"],
[".rf", "image/vnd.rn-realflash"],
[".rgb", "image/x-rgb"],
[".rgs", "text/plain"],
[".rm", "application/vnd.rn-realmedia"],
[".rmi", "audio/mid"],
[".rmp", "application/vnd.rn-rn_music_package"],
[".roff", "application/x-troff"],
[".rpm", "audio/x-pn-realaudio-plugin"],
[".rqy", "text/x-ms-rqy"],
[".rtf", "application/rtf"],
[".rtx", "text/richtext"],
[".ruleset", "application/xml"],
[".s", "text/plain"],
[".safariextz", "application/x-safari-safariextz"],
[".scd", "application/x-msschedule"],
[".sct", "text/scriptlet"],
[".sd2", "audio/x-sd2"],
[".sdp", "application/sdp"],
[".sea", "application/octet-stream"],
[".searchConnector-ms", "application/windows-search-connector+xml"],
[".setpay", "application/set-payment-initiation"],
[".setreg", "application/set-registration-initiation"],
[".settings", "application/xml"],
[".sgimb", "application/x-sgimb"],
[".sgml", "text/sgml"],
[".sh", "application/x-sh"],
[".shar", "application/x-shar"],
[".shtml", "text/html"],
[".sit", "application/x-stuffit"],
[".sitemap", "application/xml"],
[".skin", "application/xml"],
[".sldm", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.slide.macroEnabled.12"],
[".sldx", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.slide"],
[".slk", "application/vnd.ms-excel"],
[".sln", "text/plain"],
[".slupkg-ms", "application/x-ms-license"],
[".smd", "audio/x-smd"],
[".smi", "application/octet-stream"],
[".smx", "audio/x-smd"],
[".smz", "audio/x-smd"],
[".snd", "audio/basic"],
[".snippet", "application/xml"],
[".snp", "application/octet-stream"],
[".sol", "text/plain"],
[".sor", "text/plain"],
[".spc", "application/x-pkcs7-certificates"],
[".spl", "application/futuresplash"],
[".src", "application/x-wais-source"],
[".srf", "text/plain"],
[".SSISDeploymentManifest", "text/xml"],
[".ssm", "application/streamingmedia"],
[".sst", "application/vnd.ms-pki.certstore"],
[".stl", "application/vnd.ms-pki.stl"],
[".sv4cpio", "application/x-sv4cpio"],
[".sv4crc", "application/x-sv4crc"],
[".svc", "application/xml"],
[".swf", "application/x-shockwave-flash"],
[".t", "application/x-troff"],
[".tar", "application/x-tar"],
[".tcl", "application/x-tcl"],
[".testrunconfig", "application/xml"],
[".testsettings", "application/xml"],
[".tex", "application/x-tex"],
[".texi", "application/x-texinfo"],
[".texinfo", "application/x-texinfo"],
[".tgz", "application/x-compressed"],
[".thmx", "application/vnd.ms-officetheme"],
[".thn", "application/octet-stream"],
[".tif", "image/tiff"],
[".tiff", "image/tiff"],
[".tlh", "text/plain"],
[".tli", "text/plain"],
[".toc", "application/octet-stream"],
[".tr", "application/x-troff"],
[".trm", "application/x-msterminal"],
[".trx", "application/xml"],
[".ts", "video/vnd.dlna.mpeg-tts"],
[".tsv", "text/tab-separated-values"],
[".ttf", "application/octet-stream"],
[".tts", "video/vnd.dlna.mpeg-tts"],
[".txt", "text/plain"],
[".u32", "application/octet-stream"],
[".uls", "text/iuls"],
[".user", "text/plain"],
[".ustar", "application/x-ustar"],
[".vb", "text/plain"],
[".vbdproj", "text/plain"],
[".vbk", "video/mpeg"],
[".vbproj", "text/plain"],
[".vbs", "text/vbscript"],
[".vcf", "text/x-vcard"],
[".vcproj", "Application/xml"],
[".vcs", "text/plain"],
[".vcxproj", "Application/xml"],
[".vddproj", "text/plain"],
[".vdp", "text/plain"],
[".vdproj", "text/plain"],
[".vdx", "application/vnd.ms-visio.viewer"],
[".vml", "text/xml"],
[".vscontent", "application/xml"],
[".vsct", "text/xml"],
[".vsd", "application/vnd.visio"],
[".vsi", "application/ms-vsi"],
[".vsix", "application/vsix"],
[".vsixlangpack", "text/xml"],
[".vsixmanifest", "text/xml"],
[".vsmdi", "application/xml"],
[".vspscc", "text/plain"],
[".vss", "application/vnd.visio"],
[".vsscc", "text/plain"],
[".vssettings", "text/xml"],
[".vssscc", "text/plain"],
[".vst", "application/vnd.visio"],
[".vstemplate", "text/xml"],
[".vsto", "application/x-ms-vsto"],
[".vsw", "application/vnd.visio"],
[".vsx", "application/vnd.visio"],
[".vtx", "application/vnd.visio"],
[".wav", "audio/wav"],
[".wave", "audio/wav"],
[".wax", "audio/x-ms-wax"],
[".wbk", "application/msword"],
[".wbmp", "image/vnd.wap.wbmp"],
[".wcm", "application/vnd.ms-works"],
[".wdb", "application/vnd.ms-works"],
[".wdp", "image/vnd.ms-photo"],
[".webarchive", "application/x-safari-webarchive"],
[".webtest", "application/xml"],
[".wiq", "application/xml"],
[".wiz", "application/msword"],
[".wks", "application/vnd.ms-works"],
[".WLMP", "application/wlmoviemaker"],
[".wlpginstall", "application/x-wlpg-detect"],
[".wlpginstall3", "application/x-wlpg3-detect"],
[".wm", "video/x-ms-wm"],
[".wma", "audio/x-ms-wma"],
[".wmd", "application/x-ms-wmd"],
[".wmf", "application/x-msmetafile"],
[".wml", "text/vnd.wap.wml"],
[".wmlc", "application/vnd.wap.wmlc"],
[".wmls", "text/vnd.wap.wmlscript"],
[".wmlsc", "application/vnd.wap.wmlscriptc"],
[".wmp", "video/x-ms-wmp"],
[".wmv", "video/x-ms-wmv"],
[".wmx", "video/x-ms-wmx"],
[".wmz", "application/x-ms-wmz"],
[".wpl", "application/vnd.ms-wpl"],
[".wps", "application/vnd.ms-works"],
[".wri", "application/x-mswrite"],
[".wrl", "x-world/x-vrml"],
[".wrz", "x-world/x-vrml"],
[".wsc", "text/scriptlet"],
[".wsdl", "text/xml"],
[".wvx", "video/x-ms-wvx"],
[".x", "application/directx"],
[".xaf", "x-world/x-vrml"],
[".xaml", "application/xaml+xml"],
[".xap", "application/x-silverlight-app"],
[".xbap", "application/x-ms-xbap"],
[".xbm", "image/x-xbitmap"],
[".xdr", "text/plain"],
[".xht", "application/xhtml+xml"],
[".xhtml", "application/xhtml+xml"],
[".xla", "application/vnd.ms-excel"],
[".xlam", "application/vnd.ms-excel.addin.macroEnabled.12"],
[".xlc", "application/vnd.ms-excel"],
[".xld", "application/vnd.ms-excel"],
[".xlk", "application/vnd.ms-excel"],
[".xll", "application/vnd.ms-excel"],
[".xlm", "application/vnd.ms-excel"],
[".xls", "application/vnd.ms-excel"],
[".xlsb", "application/vnd.ms-excel.sheet.binary.macroEnabled.12"],
[".xlsm", "application/vnd.ms-excel.sheet.macroEnabled.12"],
[".xlsx", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet"],
[".xlt", "application/vnd.ms-excel"],
[".xltm", "application/vnd.ms-excel.template.macroEnabled.12"],
[".xltx", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.template"],
[".xlw", "application/vnd.ms-excel"],
[".xml", "text/xml"],
[".xmta", "application/xml"],
[".xof", "x-world/x-vrml"],
[".XOML", "text/plain"],
[".xpm", "image/x-xpixmap"],
[".xps", "application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument"],
[".xrm-ms", "text/xml"],
[".xsc", "application/xml"],
[".xsd", "text/xml"],
[".xsf", "text/xml"],
[".xsl", "text/xml"],
[".xslt", "text/xml"],
[".xsn", "application/octet-stream"],
[".xss", "application/xml"],
[".xtp", "application/octet-stream"],
[".xwd", "image/x-xwindowdump"],
[".z", "application/x-compress"],
[".zip", "application/x-zip-compressed"]
];
// ----------------------- End of Extensions to MIME --------- //
【讨论】：
也许只是让您的 javascript 打开一个只下载文件的页面，例如当您将下载链接拖到新标签时：
Window.open("https://www.MyServer.
Org/downloads/ardiuno/WgiWho=?:8080")
随着打开的窗口打开一个自动关闭的下载页面。
【讨论】：
您也可以使用包fs-browsers。
它有很好的客户端下载方法。
它是这样的：
import { downloadFile } from 'fs-browsers';
downloadFile(url-to-the-file);【讨论】：
对我来说，这在 chrome v72 中测试正常
function down_file(url,name){
var a = $("<a>")
.attr("href", url)
.attr("download", name)
.appendTo("body");
a[0].click();
a.remove();
}
down_file('https://www.useotools.com/uploads/nulogo[1].png','logo.png')
【讨论】：
尝试下载文件时可能会发生很多小事情。仅浏览器之间的不一致就是一场噩梦。我最终使用了这个很棒的小图书馆。 https://github.com/rndme/download
它的好处在于它不仅适用于 url，而且适用于您要下载的客户端数据。
【讨论】：
您可以简单地使用 HTML 中的 Download 属性。使用好的 ol' Javascript，您可以使用此功能直接下载文件。锚标签的下载属性应该指向要下载的文件所在的链接。
首先，将 URL 指向您的资源路径：
var url = 'your url goes here';
创建一个锚标签，需要的属性如下：
var elem = document.createElement('a');
elem.href = url;
elem.download = url;
elem.id="downloadAnchor";
将锚标记附加到网页的正文元素。
document.body.appendChild(elem);
现在以编程方式触发点击事件。点击锚标签会触发下载。
$('#downloadAnchor').click();
把它们放在一起：
var url = 'your url goes here';
var elem = document.createElement('a');
elem.href = url;
elem.download = url;
elem.id="downloadAnchor";
document.body.appendChild(elem);
$('#downloadAnchor').click();
附加信息：上面的代码没有什么特别之处，只是在 Chrome Devtools 的控制台上运行的客户端 JavaScript，但功能强大并且还开辟了很多可能性，例如网页抓取。
例如在 Devtools 控制台中执行的以下代码块将在新选项卡中打开页面中的所有链接：只需转到 this webpage ，打开 devtools 并在浏览器控制台中运行此脚本并观察 JavaScript 的强大功能。 （注意：以下代码仅用于教育目的。）
确保您为该网站启用弹出窗口，否则默认弹出窗口阻止程序会禁用您的锚点点击。
var links = document.getElementsByClassName("_3ATBKe");
for(var i=0;i<links.length;i++){
var title = document.getElementsByClassName("_3ATBKe")[i].firstElementChild.firstElementChild.innerText.replaceAll('|','-').replaceAll(':','x');
console.log('Opening..'+title);
links[i].firstElementChild.click();
}
注意：这不仅限于锚点点击，您几乎可以下载您在网页上找到的任何内容。如果您的网页上加载了某些内容（图像、音频、视频），您可能可以编写一个脚本来下载它，即使没有从 UI 提供给您。
【讨论】：
hitesh 在 2013 年 12 月 30 日提交的答案确实有效。它只需要一点调整：
PHP 文件可以调用自身。也就是说，只需创建一个名为 saveAs.php 的文件，并将这段代码放入其中...
<a href="saveAs.php?file_source=YourDataFile.pdf">Download pdf here</a>
<?php
if (isset($_GET['file_source'])) {
$fullPath = $_GET['file_source'];
if($fullPath) {
$fsize = filesize($fullPath);
$path_parts = pathinfo($fullPath);
$ext = strtolower($path_parts["extension"]);
switch ($ext) {
case "pdf":
header("Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=\"".$path_parts["basename"]."\""); // use 'attachment' to force a download
header("Content-type: application/pdf"); // add here more headers for diff. extensions
break;
default;
header("Content-type: application/octet-stream");
header("Content-Disposition: filename=\"".$path_parts["basename"]."\"");
}
if($fsize) {//checking if file size exist
header("Content-length: $fsize");
}
readfile($fullPath);
exit;
}
}
?>
【讨论】：
这些函数用在stacktrace.js:
/**
* Try XHR methods in order and store XHR factory.
*
* @return <Function> XHR function or equivalent
*/
var createXMLHTTPObject = function() {
var xmlhttp, XMLHttpFactories = [
function() {
return new XMLHttpRequest();
}, function() {
return new ActiveXObject('Msxml2.XMLHTTP');
}, function() {
return new ActiveXObject('Msxml3.XMLHTTP');
}, function() {
return new ActiveXObject('Microsoft.XMLHTTP');
}
];
for (var i = 0; i < XMLHttpFactories.length; i++) {
try {
xmlhttp = XMLHttpFactories[i]();
// Use memoization to cache the factory
createXMLHTTPObject = XMLHttpFactories[i];
return xmlhttp;
} catch (e) {
}
}
}
/**
* @return the text from a given URL
*/
function ajax(url) {
var req = createXMLHTTPObject();
if (req) {
try {
req.open('GET', url, false);
req.send(null);
return req.responseText;
} catch (e) {
}
}
return '';
}
【讨论】：
我建议您使用 mousedown 事件，该事件在单击事件之前调用。这样，浏览器自然地处理了点击事件，从而避免了任何代码的怪异：
(function ($) {
// with this solution, the browser handles the download link naturally (tested in chrome and firefox)
$(document).ready(function () {
var url = '/private/downloads/myfile123.pdf';
$("a#someID").on('mousedown', function () {
$(this).attr("href", url);
});
});
})(jQuery);
【讨论】：
Corbacho 的优秀解决方案，我刚刚适应了摆脱 var
function downloadURL(url) {
if( $('#idown').length ){
$('#idown').attr('src',url);
}else{
$('<iframe>', { id:'idown', src:url }).hide().appendTo('body');
}
}
【讨论】：
Firefox 和 Chrome 测试：
var link = document.createElement('a');
link.download = 'fileName.ext'
link.href = 'http://down.serv/file.ext';
// Because firefox not executing the .click() well
// We need to create mouse event initialization.
var clickEvent = document.createEvent("MouseEvent");
clickEvent.initEvent("click", true, true);
link.dispatchEvent(clickEvent);
这其实是firefox的“chrome”方式解决方案（我没有在其他浏览器上测试过，所以请留下cmets关于可编译性）
【讨论】：
使用 FORM 标记我取得了很好的效果，因为它可以在任何地方使用，而且您不必在服务器上创建临时文件。该方法的工作原理是这样的。
在客户端（页面 HTML）上，您创建一个像这样的不可见表单
<form method="POST" action="/download.php" target="_blank" id="downloadForm">
<input type="hidden" name="data" id="csv">
</form>
然后你将这段 Javascript 代码添加到你的按钮中：
$('#button').click(function() {
$('#csv').val('---your data---');
$('#downloadForm').submit();
}
在服务器端，download.php 中有以下 PHP 代码：
<?php
header('Content-Type: text/csv');
header('Content-Description: File Transfer');
header('Content-Type: application/octet-stream');
header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=out.csv');
header('Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary');
header('Connection: Keep-Alive');
header('Expires: 0');
header('Cache-Control: must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0');
header('Pragma: public');
header('Content-Length: ' . strlen($data));
echo $_REQUEST['data'];
exit();
您甚至可以像这样创建数据的 zip 文件：
<?php
$file = tempnam("tmp", "zip");
$zip = new ZipArchive();
$zip->open($file, ZipArchive::OVERWRITE);
$zip->addFromString('test.csv', $_REQUEST['data']);
$zip->close();
header('Content-Type: application/zip');
header('Content-Length: ' . filesize($file));
header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="file.zip"');
readfile($file);
unlink($file);
最好的部分是它不会在您的服务器上留下任何残留文件，因为一切都是动态创建和销毁的！
【讨论】：
let args = {"data":htmlData,"filename":exampleName}
创建 HTMl 文件并下载
window.downloadHTML = function(args) {
var data, filename, link;
var csv = args.data;
if (csv == null) return;
filename = args.filename || 'report.html';
data = 'data:text/html;charset=utf-8,' + encodeURIComponent(csv);
console.log(data);
link = document.createElement('a');
link.setAttribute('href', data);
link.setAttribute('download', filename);
document.body.appendChild(link);
link.click();
document.body.removeChild(link);}
创建和下载 CSV
window.downloadCSV = function(args) {
var data, filename, link;
var csv = args.data;
if (csv == null) return;
filename = args.filename || 'report.csv';
if (!csv.match(/^data:text\/csv/i)) {
csv = 'data:text/csv;charset=utf-8,' + csv;
}
data = encodeURI(csv);
link = document.createElement('a');
link.setAttribute('href', data);
link.setAttribute('download', filename);
document.body.appendChild(link);
link.click();
document.body.removeChild(link);
}
【讨论】：
只传递文件的链接。它将以其原始名称下载文件。
function downloadFileWithLink(href) {
var link = document.createElement("a");
let name = (href?.split("/") || [])
name = name[name?.length-1]
link.setAttribute('download', name);
link.href = href;
document.body.appendChild(link);
link.click();
link.remove();
}
【讨论】：
您必须从服务器和客户端（网络应用程序）两个方面进行操作。
从服务器，设置名为Content-Dispositionhttps://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Disposition的标头
// nodejs express
res.set('Content-Disposition', `attachment; filename="${self.creationName}"`)
使用上面的标头，服务器会告诉浏览器响应是一个文件，应该用给定的名称下载并保存它，否则浏览器可能会将文件保存为“附件（1）.zip”之类的东西
接下来我们看看客户端，我们创建一个锚链接并自动点击它。
function downloadThroughAnchorLink(downloadUrl: string, fileName: string) {
const a = document.createElement('a')
a.href = downloadUrl;
// We provided a header called Content-Disposition so we dont need to set "a.download" here
// a.download = fileName || 'download'
a.click()
}
应该可以的。
【讨论】：
注意：并非所有浏览器都支持。
我一直在寻找一种使用 jquery 下载文件的方法，而不必从一开始就在 href 属性中设置文件 url。
jQuery('<a/>', {
id: 'downloadFile',
href: 'http://cdn.sstatic.net/Sites/stackoverflow/img/apple-touch-icon@2.png',
style: 'display:hidden;',
download: ''
}).appendTo('body');
$("#downloadFile")[0].click();<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>【讨论】：
我在没有 JQuery 的情况下使用 @rakaloof's solution（因为 you don't need it here）。谢谢你的主意！这是一个基于 vanillaJS 表单的解决方案：
const uri = 'https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Test_ogg_mp3_48kbps.wav';
let form = document.createElement("form");
form.setAttribute('action', uri);
document.body.appendChild(form);
form.submit();
document.body.removeChild(document.body.lastElementChild);【讨论】：