如何使用 python 请求库从 Web 下载 PDF 文件

Question

尝试使用 requests 模块从网站下载一些 pdf 文件，但我不断收到下面列出的此错误。我看到几个帖子，他们提到使用response.content 处理pdf 文件而不是response.text，但它仍然会产生错误。不知道如何解决这个问题。

示例链接：https://corporate.exxonmobil.com/-/media/Global/Files/worldwide-giving/2018-Worldwide-Giving-Report.pdf

def scrape_website(link):
        
    try:
        print("getting content")
        cert = requests.certs.where()
        page = requests.get(link, verify=cert, headers={"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS x86_64 12871.102.0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/81.0.4044.141 Safari/537.36"})
        
        print(page)
        if ".pdf" in link:
            print("the content is a pdf file. downloading..")
     

            return page.content
        
        return page.text

    except Exception as x:
        print(x)
        return ''

statement_page = scrape_website(link)


with open(filepath, 'w+', encoding="utf-8") as f: 
        print("writing page")
        f.write(statement_page)
        f.close()


    <ipython-input-42-1e4771d32073> in save_html_page(page, path, filename)
     13         with open(filepath, 'w+', encoding="utf-8") as f:
     14             print("writing page")
---> 15             f.write(page)
     16             f.close()
     17 

TypeError: write() argument must be str, not bytes

Answer 1

有时我也需要以编程方式下载东西。我只是用这个：

import requests

response = requests.get("https://link_to_thing.pdf")
file = open("myfile.pdf", "wb")
file.write(response.content)
file.close()

你也可以使用os包下载wget:

import os

url = 'https://link_to_pdf.pdf'
name = 'myfile.pdf'

os.system('wget {} -O {}'.format(url,name))

Answer 2

这是我曾经使用过的一个示例，当您尝试下载大型 pdf 文件时非常方便：

import requests
import sys

url = 'url'
filename = 'filename'
# creating a connection to the pdf
print("Creating the connection ...")
with requests.get(url, stream=True) as r:
    if r.status_code != 200:
        print("Could not download the file '{}'\nError Code : {}\nReason : {}\n\n".format(
            url, r.status_code, r.reason), file=sys.stderr)
    else:
        # Storing the file as a pdf
        print("Saving the pdf file  :\n\"{}\" ...".format(filename))
        with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
            try:
                total_size = int(r.headers['Content-length'])
                saved_size_pers = 0
                moversBy = 8192*100/total_size
                for chunk in r.iter_content(chunk_size=8192):
                    if chunk:
                        f.write(chunk)
                        saved_size_pers += moversBy
                        print("\r=>> %.2f%%" % (
                            saved_size_pers if saved_size_pers <= 100 else 100.0), end='')
                print(end='\n\n')
            except Exception:
                print("==> Couldn't save : {}\\".format(filename))
                f.flush()
                r.close()
        r.close()

这使用：iter_content() 下载然后按chunck保存pdf块。