If、if-else 和 elif 语句答案

【问题标题】：If, if-else, and elif statementsIf、if-else 和 elif 语句
【发布时间】：2020-06-23 20:14:47
【问题描述】：

我知道如何执行 if 语句和 elif 语句，但在此特定代码中我不知道如何执行。我试图做的是当用户放置女性或男性和温度时，它将根据选择的性别显示适合该天气的服装。谁能帮帮我？

def main():
    
    print("Welcome to Outfitters Boulevard!")
    print()
    print("Where your next vacation outfit is just around the corner.")
    print("================================================")
    
    name = input("What is your name?")
    gender = input("Are you male or female?")
    favoriteColor = input("What is your favorite color?")
    temp = int(input("What is the temperature like where you're going?"))
    
    print(name + ", you mentioned that you're a female, your favorite color is " + favoriteColor + ",")
    print("and you're going somewhere with " + str(temp) + " weather.")
    print("We've got just the outfit for you: ")
    
    if temp>84:
        print("The Perfect Hot Weather Outfit")
    elif 70 >=temp<= 84:
        print("The Perfect Warm Weather Outfit")
    elif 55>=temp<= 69:
        print("The Perfect Cool Weather Outfit")
    elif temp <55: 
        print("The Perfect Cold Weather Outfit")
    
main()

【问题讨论】：

会显示哪种服装适合哪种性别？
对于“完美的炎热天气服装”，如果用户是女性，它将显示短裤、凉鞋、太阳帽和短款衬衫，但如果用户是男性，它将显示夏威夷衬衫、短裤和人字拖
您的比较语法错误。应该是elif 70 <= temp <= 84:
另请注意，在带有“您提到您是女性”的打印语句中，您应该使用从输入中获得的 gender 变量
@anonymous123 我已经使用您提供的示例回答了您的问题。

标签： python if-statement

【解决方案1】：

我已经编辑了您的代码以添加嵌套的 if 语句并使其更加用户友好。我添加了您要求的项目，并指导您如何编写其他项目：

def main():
    
    print("Welcome to Outfitters Boulevard!")
    print()
    print("Where your next vacation outfit is just around the corner.")
    print("================================================")
    
    name = input("What is your name?")
    gender = input("Are you male or female or other?")
    favoriteColor = input("What is your favorite color?")
    temp = int(input("What is the temperature like where you're going?"))
    
    print(name + ", you mentioned that you're a female, your favorite color is " + favoriteColor + ",")
    print("and you're going somewhere with " + str(temp) + " weather.")
    print("We've got just the outfit for you: ")
    
    if temp>84:
        print("The Perfect Hot Weather Outfit")
        if gender.casefold() == 'male':
            # Show male outfits here
            print("Hawaiian shirt, shorts and flip flops")

        elif gender.casefold() == 'female':
            # Show female outfits here
            print("Shorts, sandals and a crop shirt.")

        else:
            # Show other outfits here

    elif 70 >=temp<= 84:
        print("The Perfect Warm Weather Outfit")
        if gender.casefold() == 'male':
            # Show male outfits here

        elif gender.casefold() == 'female':
            # Show female outfits here

        else:
            # Show other outfits here

    elif 55>=temp<= 69:
        print("The Perfect Cool Weather Outfit")
        if gender.casefold() == 'male':
            # Show male outfits here

        elif gender.casefold() == 'female':
            # Show female outfits here

        else:
            # Show other outfits here

    elif temp <55: 
        print("The Perfect Cold Weather Outfit")
        if gender.casefold() == 'male':
            # Show male outfits here

        elif gender.casefold() == 'female':
            # Show female outfits here

        else:
            # Show other outfits here
    
main()

casefold() 方法确保大写无关紧要，因此用户可以用不同的大写回答性别问题，并且仍然可以得到输出。

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

假设输入的性别必须是 male 或 female，这应该可以。

顺便说一句，这段代码不是很漂亮，我建议查找 f-strings 来解析字符串。

def main():
    
    print("Welcome to Outfitters Boulevard!")
    print()
    print("Where your next vacation outfit is just around the corner.")
    print("================================================")
    
    name = input("What is your name?")
    gender = input("Are you male or female?")
    favoriteColor = input("What is your favorite color?")
    temp = int(input("What is the temperature like where you're going?"))
    
    print(name + ", you mentioned that you're a female, your favorite color is " + favoriteColor + ",")
    print("and you're going somewhere with " + str(temp) + " weather.")
    print("We've got just the outfit for you: ")

    # If it is a male
    if gender == "male":
       if temp>84:
          print("The Perfect Hot Weather Outfit")
       elif 70 >=temp<= 84:
          print("The Perfect Warm Weather Outfit")
       elif 55>=temp<= 69:
          print("The Perfect Cool Weather Outfit")
       elif temp <55: 
          print("The Perfect Cold Weather Outfit")
    # if it is a female
    elif gender == "female":
       if temp>84:
          print("The Perfect Hot Weather Outfit")
       elif 70 >=temp<= 84:
          print("The Perfect Warm Weather Outfit")
       elif 55>=temp<= 69:
          print("The Perfect Cool Weather Outfit")
       elif temp <55: 
          print("The Perfect Cold Weather Outfit")
    # If the gender is not correct
    else:
       print(f"Gender has to be male or female (found {gender})")

main()

【讨论】：

【解决方案3】：

对条件进行了更改并添加了gender检查：

print("Welcome to Outfitters Boulevard!")
print()
print("Where your next vacation outfit is just around the corner.")
print("================================================")

name = input("What is your name?")
gender = input("Are you male or female?")
favoriteColor = input("What is your favorite color?")
temp = int(input("What is the temperature like where you're going?"))

if gender.lower() == "yes":
    gender = "female"
else:
    gender = "male"
print(name + ", you mentioned that you're a " + gender + ", your favorite color is " + favoriteColor + ",")
print("and you're going somewhere with " + str(temp) + " weather.")
print("We've got just the outfit for you: ")

if temp > 84:
    print("The Perfect Hot Weather Outfit")
elif temp >= 70 and temp <= 84:
    print("The Perfect Warm Weather Outfit")
elif temp >= 55 and temp <= 69:
    print("The Perfect Cool Weather Outfit")
elif temp < 55: 
    print("The Perfect Cold Weather Outfit")

输出：

================================================                                                                                                                             
What is your name?dirtybit                                                                                                                                                   
Are you male or female?no                                                                                                                                                    
What is your favorite color?black                                                                                                                                            
What is the temperature like where you're going?75                                                                                                                           
dirtybit, you mentioned that you're a male, your favorite color is black,                                                                                                     
and you're going somewhere with 75 weather.                                                                                                                                  
We've got just the outfit for you:                                                                                                                                           
The Perfect Warm Weather Outfit

【讨论】：

用户如何知道输入“是”或“否”来回答这个问题：Are you male or female?我看不出这部分有什么意义？
我确定您将Are you male or female? 误读为Are you female?。

【解决方案4】：

你必须嵌套多个 if 语句：

if gender == "female":
    if temp>84:
        print("The Perfect Hot Weather Outfit")
    elif 70 >=temp<= 84:
        print("The Perfect Warm Weather Outfit")
    elif 55>=temp<= 69:
        print("The Perfect Cool Weather Outfit")
    elif temp <55: 
        print("The Perfect Cold Weather Outfit")
else:
    if temp>84:
        print("The Perfect Hot Weather Outfit")
    elif 70 >=temp<= 84:
        print("The Perfect Warm Weather Outfit")
    elif 55>=temp<= 69:
        print("The Perfect Cool Weather Outfit")
    elif temp <55: 
        print("The Perfect Cold Weather Outfit")

【讨论】：

【解决方案5】：

使用and。在你的情况下，它可以是

elif temp >= 70 and temp <= 84:
    print("The Perfect Warm Weather Outfit")
elif temp 55 >= and temp <= 69:
    print("The Perfect Cool Weather Outfit")
elif temp < 55: 
    print("The Perfect Cold Weather Outfit")

【讨论】：

【解决方案6】：

您可以通过以下方式添加if 语句以
使输出的服装名称为男性和女性定制：

def main():
    
    print("Welcome to Outfitters Boulevard!\n")
    print("Where your next vacation outfit is just around the corner.")
    print("================================================")
    
    name = input("What is your name?")
    gender = input("Are you male or female?")
    favoriteColor = input("What is your favorite color?")
    temp = int(input("What is the temperature like where you're going?"))
    
    print(f"{name}, you mentioned that you're a female, your favorite color is {favoriteColor},")
    print(f"and you're going somewhere with {temp} weather.")
    print("We've got just the outfit for you: ")
    
    if gender == 'female': # Here is where the customization begins
        gender = 'For Women'
    else:
        gender = 'For Men'
    if temp > 84:
        print(f"The Perfect Hot Weather Outfit {gender}")
    elif 70 <= temp <= 84:
        print(f"The Perfect Warm Weather Outfit {gender}")
    elif 55 <= temp <= 69:
        print(f"The Perfect Cool Weather Outfit {gender}")
    elif temp < 55: 
        print(f"The Perfect Cold Weather Outfit {gender}")
    
main()

输入：

What is your name? Ann Zen
Are you male or female? female
What is your favorite color? red
What is the temperature like where you're going? 70

输出：

Ann Zen, you mentioned that you're a female, your favorite color is red,
and you're going somewhere with 70 weather.
We've got just the outfit for you: 
The Perfect Warm Weather Outfit For Women

（注意：你把严格的不等式运算符弄混了，我在这里修复了。）

【讨论】：