Specflow：将许多属性测试数据从背景传递到场景大纲的解决方案？

Question

在下面的例子中，有没有办法缩短When the doctor opens the details page of appointment 步骤？目前它必须包含约会的所有信息才能从约会列表中找到正确的。

Feature: Open Appointment Details page from Appointment list

Background: 
    Given the doctor has following appointments in appointment list
      | Date      | Time                | Patient | Room | First Examination |
      | 1/20/2022 | 9:00 AM - 10:00 AM  | Allan   | 1    | Yes               |
      | 1/20/2022 | 10:30 AM - 11:00 AM | Bred    | 3    | No                |
      | 1/20/2022 | 1:00 PM - 1:30 PM   | Allan   | 1    | Yes               |
      | 1/20/2022 | 2:00 PM - 3:00 PM   | David   | 4    | No                |
   
Scenario Outline: Open appointment details page
    When the doctor opens the details page of appointment <Date>, <Time>, <Patient>, <Room>, <First Examination>
    Then the appointment details page displays correct <Date>, <Time>, <Patient>, <Room>, <First Examination>
    
    Examples: 
      | Date      | Time                | Patient | Room | First Examination |
      | 1/20/2022 | 9:00 AM - 10:00 AM  | Allan   | 1    | Yes               |
      | 1/20/2022 | 10:30 AM - 11:00 AM | Bred    | 3    | No                |
      | 1/20/2022 | 1:00 PM - 1:30 PM   | Allan   | 1    | Yes               |
      | 1/20/2022 | 2:00 PM - 3:00 PM   | David   | 4    | No                |

Answer 1

当场景具有相同数据的多条记录时，缩短步骤的关键是使用识别其中一条记录所需的最少数据。看起来患者姓名和预约日期/时间是 Given 语句中一行的唯一值。该场景需要人们可以理解，因此如果步骤中的细节对于理解业务用例没有价值，请随时省略。

我建议更改When 步骤的措辞，仅提及患者、日期和时间：

When the doctor views the appointment with "<Patient>" on "<Date>" at "<Time>"

患者、日期和时间应该足以根据场景背景中的Given 语句选择正确的约会。但是，您的场景中的断言可能不会变得更短。最好列出您关心的断言中的所有信息。相反，考虑一个垂直数据表：

Then the appointment details should be:
  | Key               | Value               |
  | Date              | <Date>              |
  | Time              | <Time>              |
  | Patient           | <Patient>           |
  | Room              | <Room>              |
  | First Examination | <First Examination> |

步骤定义将接收一个 Table 参数，然后使用 table extensions to make your assertion。下面的示例假设您使用 Selenium 来自动化浏览器，但您当然可以将代码换成您使用的任何自动化框架：

[Then(@"the appointment details should be:")]
public void ThenTheAppointmentDetailsShouldBe(Table table)
{
    // Assume using Selenium to automate browser
    var appointmentDetails = new AppointmentDetailsPage(driver);

    table.CompareToInstance(appointmentDetails)
}

还有一个 AppointmentDetailsPage 类的存根来帮助您入门：

public class AppointmentDetailsPage
{
    private readonly IWebDriver driver;

    public string Date => driver.FindElement(By.Whatever("...")).Text;
    public string Time => driver.FindElement(By.Whatever("...")).Text;
    public string Patient => driver.FindElement(By.Whatever("...")).Text;
    public string Room => driver.FindElement(By.Whatever("...")).Text;
    public string FirstExamination => driver.FindElement(By.Whatever("...")).Text;

    public AppointmentDetailsPage(IWebDriver driver)
    {
        this.driver = driver;
    }
}

这里的关键是AppointmentDetailsPage 中的属性名称与传递给Then 步骤的vertical data table 中的Key 列相匹配。