从 Bash 中的配置文件中解析变量

Question

在文件中包含以下内容：

VARIABLE1="Value1"
VARIABLE2="Value2"
VARIABLE3="Value3"

我需要一个输出以下内容的脚本：

Content of VARIABLE1 is Value1
Content of VARIABLE2 is Value2
Content of VARIABLE3 is Value3

有什么想法吗？

Answer 1

由于您的配置文件是一个有效的 shell 脚本，您可以将其源到您当前的 shell 中：

. config_file
echo "Content of VARIABLE1 is $VARIABLE1"
echo "Content of VARIABLE2 is $VARIABLE2"
echo "Content of VARIABLE3 is $VARIABLE3"

稍微干燥，但更棘手

. config_file
for var in VARIABLE1 VARIABLE2 VARIABLE3; do
    echo "Content of $var is ${!var}"
done

Answer 2

awk -F\= '{gsub(/"/,"",$2);print "Content of " $1 " is " $2}' <filename>

仅供参考，另一种纯 bash 解决方案

IFS="="
while read -r name value
do
echo "Content of $name is ${value//\"/}"
done < filename

Answer 3

如果你需要这些...

特点

• 单行和内联 cmets；
• 修剪= 周围的空格（即var = value 不会失败）；
• 引用的字符串值；
• 理解 DOS 行尾；
• 保持安全，避免采购配置文件。

代码

shopt -s extglob
configfile="dos_or_unix" # set the actual path name of your (DOS or Unix) config file
tr -d '\r' < $configfile > $configfile.unix
while IFS='= ' read -r lhs rhs
do
    if [[ ! $lhs =~ ^\ *# && -n $lhs ]]; then
        rhs="${rhs%%\#*}"    # Del in line right comments
        rhs="${rhs%%*( )}"   # Del trailing spaces
        rhs="${rhs%\"*}"     # Del opening string quotes 
        rhs="${rhs#\"*}"     # Del closing string quotes 
        declare $lhs="$rhs"
    fi
done < $configfile.unix

评论

tr -d '\r' ... 删除 DOS 回车。
! $lhs =~ ^\ *# 跳过单行 cmets，-n $lhs 跳过空行。
使用${rhs%%*( )} 删除尾随空格需要使用shopt -s extglob 设置扩展通配符。 （除了使用sed），您可以通过更复杂的方式避免这种情况：

rhs="${rhs%"${rhs##*[^ ]}"}"  

测试配置文件

## This is a comment 
var1=value1             # Right side comment 
var2 = value2           # Assignment with spaces 

## You can use blank lines 
var3= Unquoted String   # Outer spaces trimmed
var4= "My name is "     # Quote to avoid trimming 
var5= "\"Bob\""         

测试代码

echo "Content of var1 is $var1"
echo "Content of var2 is $var2"
echo "Content of var3 is [$var3]"
echo "Content of var4 + var5 is: [$var4$var5]"

结果

Content of var1 is value1
Content of var2 is value2
Content of var3 is [Unquoted String]
Content of var4 + var5 is: [My name is "Bob"]

Answer 4

我是这样做的

. $PATH_TO_FILE

Answer 5

awk '{print "Content of "$1" is "$3}' FS='[="]'

结果

VARIABLE1 的内容是 Value1 VARIABLE2 的内容是 Value2 VARIABLE3 的内容是 Value3

Answer 6

    # 
    #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # parse the ini like $0.$host_name.cnf and set the variables
    # cleans the unneeded during after run-time stuff. Note the MainSection
    # courtesy of : http://mark.aufflick.com/blog/2007/11/08/parsing-ini-files-with-sed
    #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    doParseConfFile(){
        # set a default cnfiguration file
        cnf_file="$run_unit_bash_dir/$run_unit.cnf"

        # however if there is a host dependant cnf file override it
        test -f "$run_unit_bash_dir/$run_unit.$host_name.cnf" \
            && cnf_file="$run_unit_bash_dir/$run_unit.$host_name.cnf"

        # yet finally override if passed as argument to this function
        # if the the ini file is not passed define the default host independant ini file
        test -z "$1" || cnf_file=$1;shift 1;


        test -z "$2" || ini_section=$2;shift 1;
        doLog "DEBUG read configuration file : $cnf_file"
        doLog "INFO read [$ini_section] section from config file"

        # debug echo "@doParseConfFile cnf_file:: $cnf_file"
        # coud be later on parametrized ...
        test -z "$ini_section" && ini_section='MAIN_SETTINGS'

        doLog "DEBUG reading: the following configuration file"
        doLog "DEBUG ""$cnf_file"
        ( set -o posix ; set ) | sort >"$tmp_dir/vars.before"

        eval `sed -e 's/[[:space:]]*\=[[:space:]]*/=/g' \
            -e 's/#.*$//' \
            -e 's/[[:space:]]*$//' \
            -e 's/^[[:space:]]*//' \
            -e "s/^\(.*\)=\([^\"']*\)$/\1=\"\2\"/" \
            < $cnf_file \
            | sed -n -e "/^\[$ini_section\]/,/^\s*\[/{/^[^#].*\=.*/p;}"`

        ( set -o posix ; set ) | sort >"$tmp_dir/vars.after"

        doLog "INFO added the following vars from section: [$ini_section]"
        cmd="$(comm -3 $tmp_dir/vars.before $tmp_dir/vars.after | perl -ne 's#\s+##g;print "\n $_ "' )"
        echo -e "$cmd"
        echo -e "$cmd" >> $log_file
        echo -e "\n\n"
        sleep 1; printf "\033[2J";printf "\033[0;0H" # and clear the screen
    }
    #eof func doParseConfFile

Answer 7

给定一个配置文件如下：-

[a]
b=C
d=E;rm t1
[b]
g=h

以下单行代码将解析并保存值：-

CFG=path-to-file; for ini in `awk '/^\[/' $CFG`;do unset ARHG;declare -A ARHG;while read A B;do ARHG[$A]=$B;echo "in section $ini, $A is equal to"  ${ARHG["$A"]};done < <(awk -F'=' '/\[/ {x=0} x==1 && $0~/=/ && NF==2 {print $1, $2} $0==INI {x=1}' INI="$ini" $CFG);declare -p ARHG;echo;done;printf "end loop\n\n";declare -p ARHG

现在，让我们分解一下

CFG=path-to-file;
for ini in `awk '/^\[/' $CFG` # finds the SECTIONS (aka "ini")
do 
  unset ARHG # resets ARHG 
  declare -A ARHG # declares an associative array
  while read A B
  do
    ARHG[$A]=$B
    echo "in section $ini, $A is equal to"  ${ARHG["$A"]}
  done < <(awk -F'=' '/\[/ {x=0} x==1 && $0~/=/ && NF==2 {print $1, $2} $0==INI {x=1}' INI="$ini" $CFG)
  # the awk splits the file into sections, 
  # and returns pairs of values separated by "="
  declare -p ARHG # displays the current contents of ARHG
  echo
done
printf "end loop\n\n"
declare -p ARHG

这允许我们保存值，而无需使用 eval 或反引号。 为了“真正干净”，我们可以删除行首和行尾的 [:space:]，忽略“^#”行，并删除“等号”周围的空格。