名称 [services] 未绑定在此上下文中。找不到 [服务]

【问题标题】：Name [services] is not bound in this Context. Unable to find [services]名称 [services] 未绑定在此上下文中。找不到 [服务]
【发布时间】：2017-03-22 11:47:36
【问题描述】：

我试图将部署在 jboss 中的战争迁移到 tomcat 8。在加载我的应用程序上下文 xml 时，我遇到了以下异常。这是在jboss中工作的。 （与 dataSource 有相同的问题，但是当我在 context.xml 中配置 <GlobalNamingResources/> 设置时它得到了修复。）

应用程序上下文有

..
<jee:jndi-lookup id="txnService" jndi-name="services/TxnService"
        lazy-init="true" />

<jee:jndi-lookup id="mailService" jndi-name="services/MailService"
        lazy-init="true" expected-type="com.tone.mailservice.MailService" />
..

还有错误：

Caused by: javax.naming.NameNotFoundException: Name [services/MailService] is not bound in this Context. Unable to find [services].

和

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'txnService': Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is javax.naming.NameNotFoundException: Name [services/TxnService] is not bound in this Context. Unable to find [services].

我可以看到 TxnService 类有以下代码。

public abstract interface TxnService
{
  public static final String JNDI_NAME = "services/TxnService";
  ..
}

这个类在一个 jar 中，我在 lib 文件夹中有那个 jar。 我试过给 java:/comp/env/services/TxnService 和 java:/comp/env/services/MailService 代替。但还是同样的问题。

完整的跟踪：

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'mailService': Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is javax.naming.NameNotFoundException: Name [services/MailService] is not bound in this Context. Unable to find [services].
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1482)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:521)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:458)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:295)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:223)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:292)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:194)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireByName(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1146)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1096)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:519)
    ... 45 more
Caused by: javax.naming.NameNotFoundException: Name [services/MailService] is not bound in this Context. Unable to find [services].
    at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:816)
    at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:173)
    at org.apache.naming.SelectorContext.lookup(SelectorContext.java:163)
    at javax.naming.InitialContext.lookup(InitialContext.java:417)
    at org.springframework.jndi.JndiTemplate$1.doInContext(JndiTemplate.java:154)
    at org.springframework.jndi.JndiTemplate.execute(JndiTemplate.java:87)
    at org.springframework.jndi.JndiTemplate.lookup(JndiTemplate.java:152)
    at org.springframework.jndi.JndiTemplate.lookup(JndiTemplate.java:178)
    at org.springframework.jndi.JndiLocatorSupport.lookup(JndiLocatorSupport.java:104)
    at org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectLocator.lookup(JndiObjectLocator.java:105)
    at org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean.lookupWithFallback(JndiObjectFactoryBean.java:201)
    at org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(JndiObjectFactoryBean.java:187)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1541)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1479)
    ... 54 more
Related cause:
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'txnService': Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is javax.naming.NameNotFoundException: Name [services/TxnService] is not bound in this Context. Unable to find [services].
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1482)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:521)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:458)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:295)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:223)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:292)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getTypeForFactoryBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:1368)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.getTypeForFactoryBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:720)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.isTypeMatch(AbstractBeanFactory.java:523)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doGetBeanNamesForType(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:356)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:334)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactoryUtils.beanNamesForTypeIncludingAncestors(BeanFactoryUtils.java:187)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.findAutowireCandidates(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:897)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:855)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:770)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.resolveAutowiredArgument(ConstructorResolver.java:795)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.createArgumentArray(ConstructorResolver.java:723)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.autowireConstructor(ConstructorResolver.java:196)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireConstructor(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1045)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:949)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:487)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:458)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:295)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:223)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:292)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:194)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:628)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:932)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:479)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:651)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:599)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:665)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:518)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean(FrameworkServlet.java:459)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean.init(HttpServletBean.java:136)
    at javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:158)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.initServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1183)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1099)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.load(StandardWrapper.java:989)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.loadOnStartup(StandardContext.java:4940)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5250)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:752)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:728)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:734)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR(HostConfig.java:952)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployWar.run(HostConfig.java:1823)
    at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:511)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: javax.naming.NameNotFoundException: Name [services/TxnService] is not bound in this Context. Unable to find [services].
    at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:816)
    at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:159)
    at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:827)
    at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:159)
    at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:827)
    at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:173)
    at org.apache.naming.SelectorContext.lookup(SelectorContext.java:163)
    at javax.naming.InitialContext.lookup(InitialContext.java:417)
    at org.springframework.jndi.JndiTemplate$1.doInContext(JndiTemplate.java:154)
    at org.springframework.jndi.JndiTemplate.execute(JndiTemplate.java:87)
    at org.springframework.jndi.JndiTemplate.lookup(JndiTemplate.java:152)
    at org.springframework.jndi.JndiTemplate.lookup(JndiTemplate.java:178)
    at org.springframework.jndi.JndiLocatorSupport.lookup(JndiLocatorSupport.java:95)
    at org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectLocator.lookup(JndiObjectLocator.java:105)
    at org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean.lookupWithFallback(JndiObjectFactoryBean.java:201)
    at org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(JndiObjectFactoryBean.java:187)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1541)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1479)
    ... 51 more

【问题讨论】：

标签： java jboss jndi tomcat8


【解决方案1】：

您的问题似乎是与 JNDI 查找相关的问题。

实际上，我正在尝试为 JBoss 到 Tomcat 迁移提供一个完成过程。这里我没有给出具体答案。请按照程序进行。之后，如果出现任何问题，我们将展开进一步的讨论。

jboss和tomcat8之间的迁移主要需要考虑3个方面。

  1. 常用库，
  2. 数据源配置，
  3. JNDI 绑定和基本服务器配置

常用库：

对于 Tomcat：

Apache Tomcat 将常用库存储到 CATALINE_HOME/lib 文件夹中。

对于 JBoss：

JBoss AS release ==== Path for common libs
4.x ================= JBOSS_HOME/server/[server-name]/lib
5.x - 6.x============ JBOSS_HOME/common/lib
7.x ================= JBOSS_HOME/modules

资源链接：

http://www.mastertheboss.com/jboss-as-7/how-to-install-a-module-on-jboss-as-7

数据源配置

如果你使用 Oracle 作为数据库，那么

对于 Tomcat

在Tomcat的context.xml文件中配置了一个Datasource：

<Resource name="jdbc/oracledb"
    auth="Container"
    type="javax.sql.DataSource"
    username="scott"
    password="tiger"
    driverClassName="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"
    url="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:XE"
    maxActive="10"
    maxIdle="2"
    removeAbandoned="true"
    removeAbandonedTimeout="30"
    maxWait="5000"
    logAbandoned="true"
    accessToUnderlyingConnectionAllowed="true"/>

然后，您应该将 JDBC 驱动程序添加到 CATALINA_HOME/lib 文件夹中

对于 JBoss：

JBoss AS release ======== Path for data source
4.x - 5.x - 6.x  ======== datasource-ds.xml file into JBOSS_HOME/server/[server-name]/deploy
7.x ===================== datasource-ds.xml file into JBOSS_HOME/standalone/deployments or as a module into JBOSS_HOME/modules

JNDI 绑定和基本服务器配置

在 JNDI 绑定中，需要在 tomcat 中进行代码相关的更改。 JNDI 绑定可以通过两种方式完成。

  1. 使用查找代码
  2. 使用 @Resource 注释 (javax.annotation.Resource) 代替查找代码

使用查找代码 我们可以使用 Java 代码查找配置的 JNDI 数据源，如下所示：

Context initContext = new InitialContext();
Context envContext = (Context) initContext.lookup("java:comp/env");
DataSource ds = (DataSource) envContext.lookup("jdbc/UsersDB");
Connection conn = ds.getConnection();

获取连接后，我们可以将其作为简单的 JDBC 代码使用：

然后

Statement statement = conn.createStatement();
String sql = "select username, email from users";
ResultSet rs = statement.executeQuery(sql);
// iterates over the result set...

使用@Resource 注解（javax.annotation.Resource）代替查找代码

它需要像这样在servlet中声明一个名为dataSource的字段：

@Resource(name = "jdbc/UsersDB")
private DataSource dataSource;

Tomcat 会在发现这个注解时查找指定的资源名称并注入一个实际的实现。

完整的源代码示例，您可以阅读本教程：Configuring JNDI DataSource for Database Connection Pooling in Tomcat

对于 JBoss：

使用 JBoss AS 7 时，您必须为数据源选择 JNDI 位置，例如 java:/ 或 java:/jboss 才能被接受。定义数据源的可移植方法是使用资源引用。

在我们的示例中，我们需要在 web.xml 中为您的连接池定义：

数据库连接 jdbc/oracledb javax.sql.DataSource 容器

或者，从 Java EE 5 (Servlet 2.5) 开始，这可以使用 @Resource 注释在您的代码中更轻松地完成。

public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Resource(name = "jdbc/oracledb")
    private DataSource dataSource;

然后在 JBoss 端定义你的 jboss-web.xml

<jboss-web>
 <resource-ref>
 <res-ref-name>jdbc/oracledb</res-ref-name>
 <jndi-name>java:jboss/datasources/jdbc/oracledb</jndi-name>
 </resource-ref>
</jboss-web>

很好，现在您的 JNDI 查找将在任一环境中工作，无需更改一行代码！

服务器配置

默认情况下，Tomcat 和 JBoss 都在端口 8080 上提供 http 应用程序，您可能需要配置 http 端口。这是tomcat的server.xml

<Connector port="32080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
           connectionTimeout="20000"
           redirectPort="8443" />

资源链接：

  1. Tomcat DataSource JNDI Example in Java
  2. Tomcat to JBoss migration

【讨论】：

  • 谢谢，我去看看！
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