如何使用 ansible 循环

Question

变量文件

我有一个变量文件

fruits:
  - apple
  - banana
  - orange
  - strawberry
  - grapes
  - papaya

users:
  - user_name: 'john'
    user_age: 45
  - user_name: 'yash'
    user_age: 95
  - user_name: 'srk'
    user_age: 52
  - user_name: 'alia'
    user_age: 26

剧本任务

还有我的 ansible 任务，只是尝试创建一个文本文件并在文件中以垂直顺序添加变量。

- hosts: localhost
  gather_facts: true
  vars_files:
    - variables.var # this is my variable file in the same dir that playbook have.
  tasks:
    - name: add fruits to the list
      lineinfile:
        create: yes
        line: "{{ item }}"
        path: /home/ansible/ansible-demo2/fruits.txt
      loop:
        - "{{ fruits|flatten }}"

    - name: add uses to the list
      lineinfile:
        create: yes
        line: "{{ item.user_name }} ==> {{ item.user_age }}"
        path: /home/ansible/ansible-demo2/users.txt
      loop:
        - "{{ users|flatten(levels=1) }}"

---

错误

但我的行为很奇怪。下面是 fruits 任务的输出和 users 任务的错误。

TASK [add fruits to the list] ***************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [localhost] => (item=[u'apple', u'banana', u'orange', u'strawberry', u'grapes', u'papaya'])
[WARNING]: The value ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'strawberry', 'grapes', 'papaya'] (type list) in a string field was converted to u"['apple',
'banana', 'orange', 'strawberry', 'grapes', 'papaya']" (type string). If this does not look like what you expect, quote the entire value to ensure it
does not change.

TASK [add uses to the list] *****************************************************************************************************************************
fatal: [localhost]: FAILED! => {"msg": "The task includes an option with an undefined variable. The error was: 'list object' has no attribute 'user_name'
\n\nThe error appears to be in '/home/ansible/ansible-demo2/myansible.yml': line 18, column 7, but may\nbe elsewhere in the file depending on the exact s
yntax problem.\n\nThe offending line appears to be:\n\n\n    - name: add uses to the list\n      ^ here\n"}

预期输出

在文本文件中按垂直顺序列出。

对问题的评论：

我很惊讶with_items 和loop 的每件事都能正常工作，即使user_name 变量已定义，但它仍然显示未定义。现在我无法找出发生了什么问题。

参考：

这是我引用的文档：Migrating from with_X to loop

编辑：变量调试输出

我调试变量。输出低于

TASK [debug] ********************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [localhost] => {
    "fruits": [
        "apple",
        "banana",
        "orange",
        "strawberry",        "grapes",        "papaya"
    ]
}

TASK [debug] ********************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [localhost] => {
    "users": [
        {
            "user_age": 45,
            "user_name": "john"
        },
        {
            "user_age": 95,
            "user_name": "yash"
        },
        {
            "user_age": 52,
            "user_name": "srk"
        },
        {
            "user_age": 26,
            "user_name": "alia"
        }
    ]
}

Answer 1

Q: *"[WARNING]: 字符串字段中的值 ['apple', ... ]（类型列表）被转换为 u"['apple', ... ]"（类型字符串）。

A：从代码来看，并不清楚这种转换的原因是什么。下面的数据和剧本按预期工作。

shell> cat data.yml
fruits:
  - apple
  - banana
  - orange
  - strawberry
  - grapes
  - papaya

users:
  - user_name: 'john'
    user_age: 45
  - user_name: 'yash'
    user_age: 95
  - user_name: 'srk'
    user_age: 52
  - user_name: 'alia'
    user_age: 26

shell> cat playbook.yml
- hosts: localhost
  vars_files:
    - data.yml
  tasks:
    - name: add fruits to the list
      lineinfile:
        create: yes
        line: "{{ item }}"
        path: fruits.txt
      loop: "{{ fruits }}"

    - name: add uses to the list
      lineinfile:
        create: yes
        line: "{{ item.user_name }} ==> {{ item.user_age }}"
        path: users.txt
      loop: "{{ users }}"

给予

shell> cat fruits.txt 
apple
banana
orange
strawberry
grapes
papaya

shell> cat users.txt 
john ==> 45
yash ==> 95
srk ==> 52
alia ==> 26

---

问：“2 个变量 fruits1 和 fruits2 ... 将它们的数据附加到单个文件中 ...在具有 2 个变量的单个任务中”

A：使用修改后的数据

shell> cat data.yml
fruits1:
  - apple
  - banana
  - orange

fruits2:
  - strawberry
  - grapes
  - papaya

这个任务给出相同的结果

    - name: add fruits to the list
      lineinfile:
        create: yes
        line: "{{ item }}"
        path: fruits.txt
      loop: "{{ fruits1 + fruits2 }}"

见Append list variable to another list in Ansible。

---

对问题的评论：“我很惊讶在 with_items 而不是循环的情况下一切正常”

答：见Comparing loop and with_*。