无法“pip install Pillow”。它给了我一个错误，“找不到 jpeg 的头文件或 lib 文件”

Question

我需要在学校的 python 中安装 PIL/Pillow 模块，但它一直给我一个错误，我不知道为什么（特别是因为班上的其他人已经让它工作了）。我的实验室导师甚至无法帮助我。这是我得到的主要错误：

'''找不到 jpeg 的头文件或库文件，这是从源代码编译 Pillow 时必需的依赖项。'''

剩下的错误是：

'''收集枕 使用缓存的 Pillow-8.3.2.tar.gz (48.8 MB) 为 Pillow 使用旧版“setup.py install”，因为未安装包“wheel”。 安装收集的包：枕头 为 Pillow 运行 setup.py install ... 错误 错误：命令出错，退出状态为 1： 命令：'C:\msys64\mingw64\bin\python3.exe' -u -c 'import io, os, sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\Users\jmder\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-d40m3y5k\pillow_76d63863c38642d3b650f78e6e9b009d\setup.py'"'"'; 文件='"'"'C:\Users\jmder\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-d40m3y5k\pillow_76d63863c38642d3b650f78e6e9b009d\setup.py'"'"';f = getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(file) if os.path.exists(file) else io.StringIO('"'"' from setuptools import setup; setup()'"'"');code = f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"' "');f.close();exec(compile(code, file, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record 'C:\Users\jmder \AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-sm1kcten\install-record.txt' --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers 'C:\msys64\mingw64\include\python3.9\枕头' cwd: C:\Users\jmder\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-d40m3y5k\pillow_76d63863c38642d3b650f78e6e9b009d
完整输出（178 行）： 运行安装 运行构建 运行 build_py 创建构建 创建 build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9 创建 build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\BdfFontFile.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\BlpImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\BmpImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\BufrStubImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\ContainerIO.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\CurImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\DcxImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\DdsImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\EpsImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\ExifTags.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\features.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\FitsStubImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\FliImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\FontFile.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\FpxImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\FtexImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\GbrImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\GdImageFile.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\GifImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\GimpGradientFile.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\GimpPaletteFile.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\GribStubImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\Hdf5StubImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\IcnsImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\IcoImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\Image.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\ImageChops.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\ImageCms.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\ImageColor.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\ImageDraw.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\ImageDraw2.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\ImageEnhance.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\ImageFile.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\ImageFilter.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\ImageFont.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\ImageGrab.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\ImageMath.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\ImageMode.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\ImageMorph.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\ImageOps.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\ImagePalette.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\ImagePath.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\ImageQt.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\ImageSequence.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\ImageShow.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\ImageStat.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\ImageTk.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\ImageTransform.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\ImageWin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\ImImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\ImtImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\IptcImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\Jpeg2KImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\JpegImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\JpegPresets.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\McIdasImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\MicImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\MpegImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\MpoImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\MspImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\PaletteFile.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\PalmImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\PcdImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\PcfFontFile.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\PcxImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\PdfImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\PdfParser.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\PixarImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\PngImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\PpmImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\PsdImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\PSDraw.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\PyAccess.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\SgiImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\SpiderImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\SunImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\TarIO.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\TgaImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\TiffImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\TiffTags.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\WalImageFile.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\WebPImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\WmfImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\XbmImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\XpmImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL\XVThumbImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL_binary.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL_tkinter_finder.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL_util.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL_version.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL_init_.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 复制 src\PIL_main_.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-3.9\PIL 运行 egg_info 写 src\Pillow.egg-info\PKG-INFO 将 dependency_links 写入 src\Pillow.egg-info\dependency_links.txt 将顶级名称写入 src\Pillow.egg-info\top_level.txt 添加许可证文件“LICENSE”（匹配模式“LICEN[CS]E*”） 读取清单文件 'src\Pillow.egg-info\SOURCES.txt' 阅读清单模板'MANIFEST.in' 警告：找不到匹配“.c”的文件 警告：找不到匹配“.h”的文件 警告：找不到匹配“.sh”的文件 警告：找不到与“.appveyor.yml”匹配的先前包含的文件 警告：找不到与“.clang-format”匹配的先前包含的文件 警告：找不到与“.coveragerc”匹配的先前包含的文件 警告：找不到与“.editorconfig”匹配的先前包含的文件 警告：找不到与“.readthedocs.yml”匹配的先前包含的文件 警告：未找到与“codecov.yml”匹配的先前包含的文件 警告：在分发的任何地方都找不到与“.git”匹配的先前包含的文件 警告：在分发的任何地方都找不到与“.pyc”匹配的先前包含的文件 警告：在分发的任何地方都找不到与“.so”匹配的先前包含的文件 没有找到与“.ci”匹配的先前包含的目录 编写清单文件 'src\Pillow.egg-info\SOURCES.txt' 运行 build_ext dllwrap：警告：不推荐使用 dllwrap，请改用 gcc -shared 或 ld -shared

The headers or library files could not be found for jpeg,
a required dependency when compiling Pillow from source.

Please see the install instructions at:
   https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\jmder\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-d40m3y5k\pillow_76d63863c38642d3b650f78e6e9b009d\setup.py", line 976, in <module>
    setup(
  File "C:\msys64\mingw64\lib\python3.9\site-packages\setuptools\__init__.py", line 153, in setup
    return distutils.core.setup(**attrs)
  File "C:\msys64\mingw64\lib\python3.9\distutils\core.py", line 148, in setup
    dist.run_commands()
  File "C:\msys64\mingw64\lib\python3.9\distutils\dist.py", line 966, in run_commands
    self.run_command(cmd)
  File "C:\msys64\mingw64\lib\python3.9\distutils\dist.py", line 985, in run_command
    cmd_obj.run()
  File "C:\msys64\mingw64\lib\python3.9\site-packages\setuptools\command\install.py", line 61, in run
    return orig.install.run(self)
  File "C:\msys64\mingw64\lib\python3.9\distutils\command\install.py", line 547, in run
    self.run_command('build')
  File "C:\msys64\mingw64\lib\python3.9\distutils\cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
    self.distribution.run_command(command)
  File "C:\msys64\mingw64\lib\python3.9\distutils\dist.py", line 985, in run_command
    cmd_obj.run()
  File "C:\msys64\mingw64\lib\python3.9\distutils\command\build.py", line 135, in run
    self.run_command(cmd_name)
  File "C:\msys64\mingw64\lib\python3.9\distutils\cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
    self.distribution.run_command(command)
  File "C:\msys64\mingw64\lib\python3.9\distutils\dist.py", line 985, in run_command
    cmd_obj.run()
  File "C:\msys64\mingw64\lib\python3.9\site-packages\setuptools\command\build_ext.py", line 79, in run
    _build_ext.run(self)
  File "C:\msys64\mingw64\lib\python3.9\distutils\command\build_ext.py", line 341, in run
    self.build_extensions()
  File "C:\Users\jmder\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-d40m3y5k\pillow_76d63863c38642d3b650f78e6e9b009d\setup.py", line 788, in build_extensions
    raise RequiredDependencyException(f)
__main__.RequiredDependencyException: jpeg

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
  File "C:\Users\jmder\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-d40m3y5k\pillow_76d63863c38642d3b650f78e6e9b009d\setup.py", line 1035, in <module>
    raise RequiredDependencyException(msg)
__main__.RequiredDependencyException:

The headers or library files could not be found for jpeg,
a required dependency when compiling Pillow from source.

Please see the install instructions at:
   https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html


----------------------------------------

错误：命令出错，退出状态为 1：'C:\msys64\mingw64\bin\python3.exe' -u -c 'import io, os, sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\Users\jmder\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-d40m3y5k\pillow_76d63863c38642d3b650f78e6e9b009d\setup.py'"'"'; 文件='"'"'C:\Users\jmder\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-d40m3y5k\pillow_76d63863c38642d3b650f78e6e9b009d\setup.py'"'"';f = getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(file) if os.path.exists(file) else io.StringIO('"'"' from setuptools import setup; setup()'"'"');code = f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"' "');f.close();exec(compile(code, file, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record 'C:\Users\jmder \AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-sm1kcten\install-record.txt' --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers 'C:\msys64\mingw64\include\python3.9\ Pillow' 检查日志以获取完整的命令输出。'''

运行 Windows 10、Python 3.9.6

Answer 1

试试：

python3.9 -m pip install pillow --upgrade

这帮助我解决了图书馆问题。

另请参阅：upgrade pillow suggested, but then already up-to-date

对于所有发生的库问题，请尝试此操作。它必须使用与执行脚本相同的用户和环境来完成。考虑仅以 root/admin 身份安装库或使用干净的环境。

编辑：问题是，如果一个库安装在不同的环境中，它可能由 pip 找到，而不是由你的 python 解释器找到。 “--upgrade” 重新安装一个库，无论它是否已经安装。