感谢 BlackJack 的评论
如何在 C 中将其实现为共享库并在 Python 中通过 ctypes 使用它?
库调用引入的开销更少。每次需要值时,子进程调用都会启动整个外部进程并通过管道将结果作为字符串进行通信。共享库被加载一次到当前进程,结果在内存中传递。
我将它实现为共享库。 cpucycles.c库的源码是(大量基于perf_event_open's man page的例子):
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <linux/perf_event.h>
#include <asm/unistd.h>
static long
perf_event_open(struct perf_event_attr *hw_event, pid_t pid,
int cpu, int group_fd, unsigned long flags)
{
int ret;
ret = syscall(__NR_perf_event_open, hw_event, pid, cpu,
group_fd, flags);
return ret;
}
long long
cpu_cycles(unsigned int microseconds,
pid_t pid,
int cpu,
int exclude_user,
int exclude_kernel,
int exclude_hv,
int exclude_idle)
{
struct perf_event_attr pe;
long long count;
int fd;
memset(&pe, 0, sizeof(struct perf_event_attr));
pe.type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE;
pe.size = sizeof(struct perf_event_attr);
pe.config = PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES;
pe.disabled = 1;
pe.exclude_user = exclude_user;
pe.exclude_kernel = exclude_kernel;
pe.exclude_hv = exclude_hv;
pe.exclude_idle = exclude_idle;
fd = perf_event_open(&pe, pid, cpu, -1, 0);
if (fd == -1) {
return -1;
}
ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET, 0);
ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE, 0);
usleep(microseconds);
ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE, 0);
read(fd, &count, sizeof(long long));
close(fd);
return count;
}
这段代码通过以下两个命令编译成共享库:
$ gcc -c -fPIC cpucycles.c -o cpucycles.o
$ gcc -shared -Wl,-soname,libcpucycles.so.1 -o libcpucycles.so.1.0.1 cpucycles.o
最后,cpucycles.py中的库可以被Python使用:
import ctypes
import os
cdll = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "libcpucycles.so.1.0.1"))
cdll.cpu_cycles.argtypes = (ctypes.c_uint, ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_int,
ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_int,
ctypes.c_int)
cdll.cpu_cycles.restype = ctypes.c_longlong
def cpu_cycles(duration=1.0, pid=0, cpu=-1,
exclude_user=False, exclude_kernel=False,
exclude_hv=True, exclude_idle=True):
"""
See man page of perf_event_open for all the parameters.
:param duration: duration of counting cpu_cycles [seconds]
:type duration: float
:returns: cpu-cycle count of pid
:rtype: int
"""
count = cdll.cpu_cycles(int(duration*1000000), pid, cpu,
exclude_user, exclude_kernel,
exclude_hv, exclude_idle)
if count < 0:
raise OSError("cpu_cycles(pid={}, duration={}) from {} exited with code {}.".format(
pid, duration, cdll._name, count))
return count