【发布时间】：2012-03-30 06:52:49
【问题描述】：
我想创建一个 GUI，以便在单击标题为“选择图像”的按钮时将图像文件复制到 matlab 工作区。它应该提示我从给定文件夹中选择特定图像，然后单击标题为“运行”的按钮，应该运行一个 m 文件（我已经编写）并显示输出。
有人可以在这方面帮助我吗？
【问题讨论】：
标签： matlab user-interface
【发布时间】：2012-03-30 06:52:49
【问题描述】：
看看这个：
http://www.mathworks.de/help/techdoc/ref/uigetfile.html
在 MATLAB 中创建 GUI 非常简单。在命令行中键入“guide”，以图形方式添加您的按钮，然后用您需要的代码填充这些按钮的回调函数。
【讨论】：
整个答案可能有点长，但我们还是试试吧
正如之前的海报所推荐的，使用guide 命令开始设计GUI。
添加一些按钮。右键单击按钮将为您提供“按钮回调函数”，每当您在运行的 GUI 上按下按钮时都会调用该函数。
重要的命令是：
BUTTON1：在 Matlab 的 GUI 中通过模式对话框读取图像
并将图像数据放入基础工作区中的变量 X 和映射
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton1.
function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
disp('Load image button pressed ...')
%% Create a file dialog for images
[filename, user_cancelled] = imgetfile;
if user_cancelled
disp('User pressed cancel')
else
disp(['User selected ', filename])
end
%% Read the selected image into the variable
disp('Reading the image into variable X');
[X,map] = imread(filename);
%% Copy X and map to base workspace, overwriting the content !!!
assignin('base','X',X);
assignin('base','map',map);
%% Now you have X and map variables in the base workspace
BUTTON2：运行自定义命令
在基本工作区中对 X 和映射变量做一些事情
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton2.
function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
%% Put your own code here to be called
disp('Run button pressed ...')
evalin('base', 'if exist(''X'', ''var''), disp(''image loaded into X''), else, disp(''image not loaded yet''), end');
% if exist('X', 'var'), disp('image loaded into X'), else, disp('image not loaded yet'), end)
或者，您可以在 matlab 中创建自己的文件对话框：
%% Alternatively use the following for reading image files of your own choosing
[filename, pathname] = uigetfile({'*.jpg;*.png;*.gif;*.bmp', 'All Image Files (*.jpg, *.png, *.gif, *.bmp)'; ...
'*.*', 'All Files (*.*)'}, ...
'Pick an image file');
%This code checks if the user pressed cancel on the dialog.
if isequal(filename,0) || isequal(pathname,0)
disp('User pressed cancel')
else
disp(['User selected ', fullfile(pathname, filename)])
end
这是整个文件的工作，只需复制和粘贴：
function varargout = guitutorial_export(varargin)
% GUITUTORIAL_EXPORT M-file for guitutorial_export.fig
% GUITUTORIAL_EXPORT, by itself, creates a new GUITUTORIAL_EXPORT or raises the existing
% singleton*.
%
% H = GUITUTORIAL_EXPORT returns the handle to a new GUITUTORIAL_EXPORT or the handle to
% the existing singleton*.
%
% GUITUTORIAL_EXPORT('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local
% function named CALLBACK in GUITUTORIAL_EXPORT.M with the given input arguments.
%
% GUITUTORIAL_EXPORT('Property','Value',...) creates a new GUITUTORIAL_EXPORT or raises the
% existing singleton*. Starting from the left, property value pairs are
% applied to the GUI before guitutorial_export_OpeningFcn gets called. An
% unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
% stop. All inputs are passed to guitutorial_export_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
% *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu. Choose "GUI allows only one
% instance to run (singleton)".
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES
% Edit the above text to modify the response to help guitutorial_export
% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 01-Apr-2012 00:26:11
% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name', mfilename, ...
'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, ...
'gui_OpeningFcn', @guitutorial_export_OpeningFcn, ...
'gui_OutputFcn', @guitutorial_export_OutputFcn, ...
'gui_LayoutFcn', @guitutorial_export_LayoutFcn, ...
'gui_Callback', []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end
if nargout
[varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
% --- Executes just before guitutorial_export is made visible.
function guitutorial_export_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin command line arguments to guitutorial_export (see VARARGIN)
% Choose default command line output for guitutorial_export
handles.output = hObject;
% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);
% UIWAIT makes guitutorial_export wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);
% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = guitutorial_export_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton1.
function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
disp('Load image button pressed ...')
%% Alternatively use the following for reading image files of your own choosing
% [filename, pathname] = uigetfile({'*.jpg;*.png;*.gif;*.bmp', 'All Image Files (*.jpg, *.png, *.gif, *.bmp)'; ...
% '*.*', 'All Files (*.*)'}, ...
% 'Pick an image file');
%
% %This code checks if the user pressed cancel on the dialog.
% if isequal(filename,0) || isequal(pathname,0)
% disp('User pressed cancel')
% else
% disp(['User selected ', fullfile(pathname, filename)])
%
% end
[filename, user_cancelled] = imgetfile;
if user_cancelled
disp('User pressed cancel')
else
disp(['User selected ', filename])
end
%% Read the selected image into the variable
disp('Reading the image into variable X');
[X,map] = imread(filename);
%% Copy X and map to base workspace, overwriting the content !!!
assignin('base','X',X);
assignin('base','map',map);
%%
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton2.
function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
%% Put your own code here to be called
disp('Run button pressed ...')
evalin('base', 'if exist(''X'', ''var''), disp(''image loaded into X''), else, disp(''image not loaded yet''), end');
% if exist('X', 'var'), disp('image loaded into X'), else, disp('image not loaded yet'), end)
% --- Creates and returns a handle to the GUI figure.
function h1 = guitutorial_export_LayoutFcn(policy)
% policy - create a new figure or use a singleton. 'new' or 'reuse'.
persistent hsingleton;
if strcmpi(policy, 'reuse') & ishandle(hsingleton)
h1 = hsingleton;
return;
end
appdata = [];
appdata.GUIDEOptions = struct(...
'active_h', [], ...
'taginfo', struct(...
'figure', 2, ...
'pushbutton', 3), ...
'override', 0, ...
'release', 13, ...
'resize', 'none', ...
'accessibility', 'callback', ...
'mfile', 1, ...
'callbacks', 1, ...
'singleton', 1, ...
'syscolorfig', 1, ...
'blocking', 0, ...
'lastSavedFile', '/home/mosi/Documents/MATLAB/guitutorial_export.m', ...
'lastFilename', '/home/mosi/Documents/MATLAB/guitutorial.fig');
appdata.lastValidTag = 'figure1';
appdata.GUIDELayoutEditor = [];
appdata.initTags = struct(...
'handle', [], ...
'tag', 'figure1');
h1 = figure(...
'Units','characters',...
'Color',[0.701960784313725 0.701960784313725 0.701960784313725],...
'Colormap',[0 0 0.5625;0 0 0.625;0 0 0.6875;0 0 0.75;0 0 0.8125;0 0 0.875;0 0 0.9375;0 0 1;0 0.0625 1;0 0.125 1;0 0.1875 1;0 0.25 1;0 0.3125 1;0 0.375 1;0 0.4375 1;0 0.5 1;0 0.5625 1;0 0.625 1;0 0.6875 1;0 0.75 1;0 0.8125 1;0 0.875 1;0 0.9375 1;0 1 1;0.0625 1 1;0.125 1 0.9375;0.1875 1 0.875;0.25 1 0.8125;0.3125 1 0.75;0.375 1 0.6875;0.4375 1 0.625;0.5 1 0.5625;0.5625 1 0.5;0.625 1 0.4375;0.6875 1 0.375;0.75 1 0.3125;0.8125 1 0.25;0.875 1 0.1875;0.9375 1 0.125;1 1 0.0625;1 1 0;1 0.9375 0;1 0.875 0;1 0.8125 0;1 0.75 0;1 0.6875 0;1 0.625 0;1 0.5625 0;1 0.5 0;1 0.4375 0;1 0.375 0;1 0.3125 0;1 0.25 0;1 0.1875 0;1 0.125 0;1 0.0625 0;1 0 0;0.9375 0 0;0.875 0 0;0.8125 0 0;0.75 0 0;0.6875 0 0;0.625 0 0;0.5625 0 0],...
'IntegerHandle','off',...
'InvertHardcopy',get(0,'defaultfigureInvertHardcopy'),...
'MenuBar','none',...
'Name','guitutorial',...
'NumberTitle','off',...
'PaperPosition',get(0,'defaultfigurePaperPosition'),...
'Position',[103.833333333333 29.1333333333333 112 32.3333333333333],...
'Resize','off',...
'HandleVisibility','callback',...
'Tag','figure1',...
'UserData',[],...
'Visible','on',...
'CreateFcn', {@local_CreateFcn, blanks(0), appdata} );
appdata = [];
appdata.lastValidTag = 'pushbutton1';
h2 = uicontrol(...
'Parent',h1,...
'Units','characters',...
'Callback',@(hObject,eventdata)guitutorial_export('pushbutton1_Callback',hObject,eventdata,guidata(hObject)),...
'Position',[8.16666666666667 27.5333333333333 25.1666666666667 1.4],...
'String','Select image',...
'Tag','pushbutton1',...
'CreateFcn', {@local_CreateFcn, blanks(0), appdata} );
appdata = [];
appdata.lastValidTag = 'pushbutton2';
h3 = uicontrol(...
'Parent',h1,...
'Units','characters',...
'Callback',@(hObject,eventdata)guitutorial_export('pushbutton2_Callback',hObject,eventdata,guidata(hObject)),...
'Position',[8.16666666666667 24.8 11.6666666666667 1.4],...
'String','Run',...
'Tag','pushbutton2',...
'CreateFcn', {@local_CreateFcn, blanks(0), appdata} );
hsingleton = h1;
% --- Set application data first then calling the CreateFcn.
function local_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, createfcn, appdata)
if ~isempty(appdata)
names = fieldnames(appdata);
for i=1:length(names)
name = char(names(i));
setappdata(hObject, name, getfield(appdata,name));
end
end
if ~isempty(createfcn)
if isa(createfcn,'function_handle')
createfcn(hObject, eventdata);
else
eval(createfcn);
end
end
% --- Handles default GUIDE GUI creation and callback dispatch
function varargout = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin)
gui_StateFields = {'gui_Name'
'gui_Singleton'
'gui_OpeningFcn'
'gui_OutputFcn'
'gui_LayoutFcn'
'gui_Callback'};
gui_Mfile = '';
for i=1:length(gui_StateFields)
if ~isfield(gui_State, gui_StateFields{i})
error('MATLAB:gui_mainfcn:FieldNotFound', 'Could not find field %s in the gui_State struct in GUI M-file %s', gui_StateFields{i}, gui_Mfile);
elseif isequal(gui_StateFields{i}, 'gui_Name')
gui_Mfile = [gui_State.(gui_StateFields{i}), '.m'];
end
end
numargin = length(varargin);
if numargin == 0
% GUITUTORIAL_EXPORT
% create the GUI only if we are not in the process of loading it
% already
gui_Create = true;
elseif local_isInvokeActiveXCallback(gui_State, varargin{:})
% GUITUTORIAL_EXPORT(ACTIVEX,...)
vin{1} = gui_State.gui_Name;
vin{2} = [get(varargin{1}.Peer, 'Tag'), '_', varargin{end}];
vin{3} = varargin{1};
vin{4} = varargin{end-1};
vin{5} = guidata(varargin{1}.Peer);
feval(vin{:});
return;
elseif local_isInvokeHGCallback(gui_State, varargin{:})
% GUITUTORIAL_EXPORT('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...)
gui_Create = false;
else
% GUITUTORIAL_EXPORT(...)
% create the GUI and hand varargin to the openingfcn
gui_Create = true;
end
if ~gui_Create
% In design time, we need to mark all components possibly created in
% the coming callback evaluation as non-serializable. This way, they
% will not be brought into GUIDE and not be saved in the figure file
% when running/saving the GUI from GUIDE.
designEval = false;
if (numargin>1 && ishghandle(varargin{2}))
fig = varargin{2};
while ~isempty(fig) && ~isa(handle(fig),'figure')
fig = get(fig,'parent');
end
designEval = isappdata(0,'CreatingGUIDEFigure') || isprop(fig,'__GUIDEFigure');
end
if designEval
beforeChildren = findall(fig);
end
% evaluate the callback now
varargin{1} = gui_State.gui_Callback;
if nargout
[varargout{1:nargout}] = feval(varargin{:});
else
feval(varargin{:});
end
% Set serializable of objects created in the above callback to off in
% design time. Need to check whether figure handle is still valid in
% case the figure is deleted during the callback dispatching.
if designEval && ishandle(fig)
set(setdiff(findall(fig),beforeChildren), 'Serializable','off');
end
else
if gui_State.gui_Singleton
gui_SingletonOpt = 'reuse';
else
gui_SingletonOpt = 'new';
end
% Check user passing 'visible' P/V pair first so that its value can be
% used by oepnfig to prevent flickering
gui_Visible = 'auto';
gui_VisibleInput = '';
for index=1:2:length(varargin)
if length(varargin) == index || ~ischar(varargin{index})
break;
end
% Recognize 'visible' P/V pair
len1 = min(length('visible'),length(varargin{index}));
len2 = min(length('off'),length(varargin{index+1}));
if ischar(varargin{index+1}) && strncmpi(varargin{index},'visible',len1) && len2 > 1
if strncmpi(varargin{index+1},'off',len2)
gui_Visible = 'invisible';
gui_VisibleInput = 'off';
elseif strncmpi(varargin{index+1},'on',len2)
gui_Visible = 'visible';
gui_VisibleInput = 'on';
end
end
end
% Open fig file with stored settings. Note: This executes all component
% specific CreateFunctions with an empty HANDLES structure.
% Do feval on layout code in m-file if it exists
gui_Exported = ~isempty(gui_State.gui_LayoutFcn);
% this application data is used to indicate the running mode of a GUIDE
% GUI to distinguish it from the design mode of the GUI in GUIDE. it is
% only used by actxproxy at this time.
setappdata(0,genvarname(['OpenGuiWhenRunning_', gui_State.gui_Name]),1);
if gui_Exported
gui_hFigure = feval(gui_State.gui_LayoutFcn, gui_SingletonOpt);
% make figure invisible here so that the visibility of figure is
% consistent in OpeningFcn in the exported GUI case
if isempty(gui_VisibleInput)
gui_VisibleInput = get(gui_hFigure,'Visible');
end
set(gui_hFigure,'Visible','off')
% openfig (called by local_openfig below) does this for guis without
% the LayoutFcn. Be sure to do it here so guis show up on screen.
movegui(gui_hFigure,'onscreen');
else
gui_hFigure = local_openfig(gui_State.gui_Name, gui_SingletonOpt, gui_Visible);
% If the figure has InGUIInitialization it was not completely created
% on the last pass. Delete this handle and try again.
if isappdata(gui_hFigure, 'InGUIInitialization')
delete(gui_hFigure);
gui_hFigure = local_openfig(gui_State.gui_Name, gui_SingletonOpt, gui_Visible);
end
end
if isappdata(0, genvarname(['OpenGuiWhenRunning_', gui_State.gui_Name]))
rmappdata(0,genvarname(['OpenGuiWhenRunning_', gui_State.gui_Name]));
end
% Set flag to indicate starting GUI initialization
setappdata(gui_hFigure,'InGUIInitialization',1);
% Fetch GUIDE Application options
gui_Options = getappdata(gui_hFigure,'GUIDEOptions');
% Singleton setting in the GUI M-file takes priority if different
gui_Options.singleton = gui_State.gui_Singleton;
if ~isappdata(gui_hFigure,'GUIOnScreen')
% Adjust background color
if gui_Options.syscolorfig
set(gui_hFigure,'Color', get(0,'DefaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'));
end
% Generate HANDLES structure and store with GUIDATA. If there is
% user set GUI data already, keep that also.
data = guidata(gui_hFigure);
handles = guihandles(gui_hFigure);
if ~isempty(handles)
if isempty(data)
data = handles;
else
names = fieldnames(handles);
for k=1:length(names)
data.(char(names(k)))=handles.(char(names(k)));
end
end
end
guidata(gui_hFigure, data);
end
% Apply input P/V pairs other than 'visible'
for index=1:2:length(varargin)
if length(varargin) == index || ~ischar(varargin{index})
break;
end
len1 = min(length('visible'),length(varargin{index}));
if ~strncmpi(varargin{index},'visible',len1)
try set(gui_hFigure, varargin{index}, varargin{index+1}), catch break, end
end
end
% If handle visibility is set to 'callback', turn it on until finished
% with OpeningFcn
gui_HandleVisibility = get(gui_hFigure,'HandleVisibility');
if strcmp(gui_HandleVisibility, 'callback')
set(gui_hFigure,'HandleVisibility', 'on');
end
feval(gui_State.gui_OpeningFcn, gui_hFigure, [], guidata(gui_hFigure), varargin{:});
if isscalar(gui_hFigure) && ishandle(gui_hFigure)
% Handle the default callbacks of predefined toolbar tools in this
% GUI, if any
guidemfile('restoreToolbarToolPredefinedCallback',gui_hFigure);
% Update handle visibility
set(gui_hFigure,'HandleVisibility', gui_HandleVisibility);
% Call openfig again to pick up the saved visibility or apply the
% one passed in from the P/V pairs
if ~gui_Exported
gui_hFigure = local_openfig(gui_State.gui_Name, 'reuse',gui_Visible);
elseif ~isempty(gui_VisibleInput)
set(gui_hFigure,'Visible',gui_VisibleInput);
end
if strcmpi(get(gui_hFigure, 'Visible'), 'on')
figure(gui_hFigure);
if gui_Options.singleton
setappdata(gui_hFigure,'GUIOnScreen', 1);
end
end
% Done with GUI initialization
if isappdata(gui_hFigure,'InGUIInitialization')
rmappdata(gui_hFigure,'InGUIInitialization');
end
% If handle visibility is set to 'callback', turn it on until
% finished with OutputFcn
gui_HandleVisibility = get(gui_hFigure,'HandleVisibility');
if strcmp(gui_HandleVisibility, 'callback')
set(gui_hFigure,'HandleVisibility', 'on');
end
gui_Handles = guidata(gui_hFigure);
else
gui_Handles = [];
end
if nargout
[varargout{1:nargout}] = feval(gui_State.gui_OutputFcn, gui_hFigure, [], gui_Handles);
else
feval(gui_State.gui_OutputFcn, gui_hFigure, [], gui_Handles);
end
if isscalar(gui_hFigure) && ishandle(gui_hFigure)
set(gui_hFigure,'HandleVisibility', gui_HandleVisibility);
end
end
function gui_hFigure = local_openfig(name, singleton, visible)
% openfig with three arguments was new from R13. Try to call that first, if
% failed, try the old openfig.
if nargin('openfig') == 2
% OPENFIG did not accept 3rd input argument until R13,
% toggle default figure visible to prevent the figure
% from showing up too soon.
gui_OldDefaultVisible = get(0,'defaultFigureVisible');
set(0,'defaultFigureVisible','off');
gui_hFigure = openfig(name, singleton);
set(0,'defaultFigureVisible',gui_OldDefaultVisible);
else
gui_hFigure = openfig(name, singleton, visible);
end
function result = local_isInvokeActiveXCallback(gui_State, varargin)
try
result = ispc && iscom(varargin{1}) ...
&& isequal(varargin{1},gcbo);
catch
result = false;
end
function result = local_isInvokeHGCallback(gui_State, varargin)
try
fhandle = functions(gui_State.gui_Callback);
result = ~isempty(findstr(gui_State.gui_Name,fhandle.file)) || ...
(ischar(varargin{1}) ...
&& isequal(ishandle(varargin{2}), 1) ...
&& (~isempty(strfind(varargin{1},[get(varargin{2}, 'Tag'), '_'])) || ...
~isempty(strfind(varargin{1}, '_CreateFcn'))) );
catch
result = false;
end
【讨论】：
您应该使用 GUIDE 功能来帮助您入门。
http://www.mathworks.com/help/techdoc/ref/guide.html
您列出的所有功能都可以通过此工具使用。为了将您的 GUI 功能“连接”在一起，最关键的项目之一是学习如何在函数之间传递数据。默认情况下，GUIDE 有一个函数回调，其中包含一个名为“handles”的 Matlab 结构（您可以将其更改为您想要的任何内容。尝试在函数之间简单地传递一些值即可开始使用。
【讨论】：