Python：在 xml.etree 元素上指定 XMLNS

Question

在我的 Python 代码中，我目前正在使用 xml.etree 库来创建一棵树，然后将其转储到 XML 字符串中。不幸的是，我不能使用 Python 标准库中的模块以外的模块来执行此操作。

这是我的代码：

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

def dump_to_XML():
  root_node = ET.Element("root")
  c1_node = ET.SubElement(root_node, "child1")
  c1_node.text = "foo"
  c2_node = ET.SubElement(root_node, "child2")
  gc1_node = ET.SubElement(c2_node, "grandchild1")
  gc1_node.text = "bar"
  return ET.tostring(root_node, encoding='utf8', method='xml')

给出字符串：

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf8'?>
<root>
    <child1>foo</child1>
    <child2>
        <grandchild1>bar</grandchild1>
    </child2>
</root>

现在，我有两个架构文件位于 - 比如 - http://myhost.com/p.xsd 和 http://myhost.com/q.xsd，我希望将输出字符串转换为：

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<root xmlns:p="http://myhost.com/p.xsd" xmlns:q="http://myhost.com/q.xsd">
    <p:child1>foo</p:child1>
    <p:child2>
        <q:grandchild1>bar</q:grandchild1>
    </p:child2>
</root>

我如何利用etree 库来实现这一目标？

提前致谢

Answer 1

我们开始吧：

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

xmlns_uris = {'p': 'http://myhost.com/p.xsd',
              'q': 'http://myhost.com/q.xsd'}

def dump_to_XML():
  root_node = ET.Element("root")
  c1_node = ET.SubElement(root_node, "child1")
  c1_node.text = "foo"
  c2_node = ET.SubElement(root_node, "child2")
  gc1_node = ET.SubElement(c2_node, "grandchild1")
  gc1_node.text = "bar"
  annotate_with_XMLNS_prefixes(gc1_node, 'q', False)
  annotate_with_XMLNS_prefixes(root_node, 'p')
  add_XMLNS_attributes(root_node, xmlns_uris)
  return ET.tostring(root_node, encoding='UTF-8', method='xml')

def annotate_with_XMLNS_prefixes(tree, xmlns_prefix, skip_root_node=True):
    if not ET.iselement(tree):
        tree = tree.getroot()
    iterator = tree.iter()
    if skip_root_node: # Add XMLNS prefix also to the root node?
        iterator.next()
    for e in iterator:
        if not ':' in e.tag:
            e.tag = xmlns_prefix + ":" + e.tag

def add_XMLNS_attributes(tree, xmlns_uris_dict):
    if not ET.iselement(tree):
        tree = tree.getroot()
    for prefix, uri in xmlns_uris_dict.items():
        tree.attrib['xmlns:' + prefix] = uri

执行：print dump_to_XML() 给出：

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<root xmlns:p="http://myhost.com/p.xsd" xmlns:q="http://myhost.com/q.xsd">
    <p:child1>foo</p:child1>
    <p:child2>
        <q:grandchild1>bar</q:grandchild1>
    </p:child2>
</root>

Answer 2

from lxml import etree
xmlns_uris = {'p': 'http://myhost.com/p.xsd', 'q': 'http://myhost.com/q.xsd'}

root = etree.Element('root', nsmap = xmlns_uris)
child1 = etree.SubElement(root,'{%s}child1'%xmlns_uris['p'])
child1.text = 'foo'

child2 = etree.SubElement(root,'{%s}child2'%xmlns_uris['p'])
grandchild1 = etree.SubElement(child2,'{%s}grandchild1'%xmlns_uris['q'])
grandchild1.text = 'bar'

print(etree.tostring(root, pretty_print=True, encoding='UTF-8', xml_declaration=True).decode('cp1251'))